اثر مدیریت علف‌های هرز و منابع کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

مدیریت علف­های­ هرز و کود نیتروژن در تولید ذرت علوفه‌ای، دو مسئله حائز اهمیت می‌باشند. در این مطالعه اثر روش‌های مختلف کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و منابع کود نیتروژن بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفه­ای ارزیابی شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. روش مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز در سه سطح (کنترل تلفیقی (شیمیایی +مکانیکی)، کنترل شیمیایی و شاهد علف‌های‌هرز) به­ عنوان عامل کرت اصلی و منبع کود نیتروژن در پنج سطح (اوره، آمونیوم سولفات، کلسیم نیترات، آمونیوم نیترات فسفات و شاهد بدون کود) به ­عنوان عامل کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند.کارایی کنترل تلفیقی نسبت به کنترل شیمیایی در کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های‌ هرز، در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب حدود 68 و 57 درصد بیشتر بود که این کارایی بیشتر منجر به افزایش عملکرد نهایی علوفه خشک ذرت حدود 17 و 14 درصد شد.ضمن اینکه مصرف علف‌کش در کنترل تلفیقی نسبت به کنترل شیمیایی، 25 درصد کاهش یافت. بااین‌ وجود کنترل شیمیایی علف‌های‌ هرز نیز موجب کاهش 71 و 79 درصدی وزن خشک علف‌های‌ هرز نسبت به شاهد علف‌های‌ هرز به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم شد. ب ه‌طورکلی بیشترین عملکرد کمی و کیفی علوفه ذرت شامل (عملکرد ماده خشک، عملکرد پروتئین خام و عملکرد ماده خشک قابل‌هضم) با اعمال کنترل تلفیقی علف‌های‌ هرز به همراه مصرف کودهای آمونیوم نیترات فسفات و آمونیوم سولفات حاصل شد.

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