ارزیابی عملکرد دانه، بهره وری آب و تحمل به شوری لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان جنوبی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج- ایران

چکیده

اصلاح ارقام متحمل با استفاده از روش‌های به‌نژادی و گزینش جزو روش‌های موثر در تولید و بهره‌برداری از خاک و آب شور به شمار می‌رود. بیست رقم و لاین گندم در دو محیط شور و بدون تنش شوری (به ترتیب با هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری 2/8 و 3/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و طی دو سال زراعی 1400-1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی محمدیه، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خراسان جنوبی، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار ارزیابی گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد لاین‌های گندم واکنش متفاوتی نسبت به تنش شوری داشتند. تنش شوری به ترتیب منجر به کاهش 6/4، 9/21 و 4/21 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه و بهره‌وری آب در گندم در مقایسه با شرایط بدون تنش شوری گردید. تجزیه خوشه‌ای منجر به قرارگیری ارقام برزگر و نارین و لاین‌های 3، 4 و 18 در گروه اول گردید که در آن لاین‌های مذکور از تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله کمتر و در مقابل از تعداد روز تا رسیدگی و همچنین دوره پر شدن دانه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه بیشتر از میانگین کل برخوردار بودند. با توجه به نتایج همبستگی، شاخص‌هایی که قادر به گزینش ارقام و لاین‌های متحمل با عملکرد بالا و پایدار در هر دو محیط هستند شامل MP، GMP، STI و HM می‌باشند. بر این اساس، لاین‌های 14، 13 و 20 به ترتیب حساس‌ترین و ارقام شاهد برزگر و نارین و لاین شماره 10 به ترتیب متحمل‌ترین ارقام و لاین‌ها به تنش شوری شناسایی شدند.

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