اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان و اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکردگیاه سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum) تحت شرایط کم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گرایش زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، گروه علوم کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه علوم کشاورزی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

4 4. استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، گروه علوم کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

5 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم آبی بر ویژگی های رشد رویشی و غده سیب زمینی و اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان و سالیسیلیک اسید بر‌عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک سیب‌زمینی آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در منطقه فریمان درسال زراعی 99-1398 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سطوح آبیاری (60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) و محلول پاشی کیتوزان و سالیسیلیک اسید (شاهد، 2 گرم در لیتر کیتوزان، 0.5 گرم در لیتر سالیسیلیک اسید و ترکیب کیتوزان و سالیسیلیک اسید) بود. سطوح آبیاری در پلات‌های اصلی و تیمارهای محلول پاشی در تیمارهای فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که با کاهش حجم آبیاری به میزان 20% نیاز آبی نیز میتوان به عملکردی مشابه با عملکرد در شرایط آبیاری کامل دست یافت. میزان پرولین برگ در شرایط تنش ملایم (80 درصد آبیاری) تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی با کیتوزان قرار گرفت به نحوی که غلظت این اسید آمینه تحت تاثیر محلول ‌پاشی با مخلوط سالسیلیک اسید و کیتوزان به بیش از دو برابر افزایش یافت. محلول پاشی کیتوزان و سالیسیلیک اسید بصورت مجزا و یا بصورت ترکیبی در تیمارهایی که تحت کم آبیاری به میزان 20 و 40 درصد قرار گرفتند نیز باعث حفظ غلظت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز شدند. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش می‌توان چنین نتیجه گیری کرد که اگرچه این ترکیبات نقش قابل توجهی در تقابل گیاه سیب‌زمینی با شرایط کم‌آبیاری دارد اما زمان و دز مصرف آن نیاز به تحقیقات دقیق‌تری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ahmadi, K., Gholizad, H., Ebadzadeh, H., Hatami, F., Fazli Estabarq, M., Hosseinpour, R., Kazemian, A., and Rafii, M. 2016. Agricultural Statistics of 1395-95. Ministry of Agriculture.
Alizadeh, A. 2006. The relationship between water, soil and plants. Imam Reza University Publications.
Ayas, S., and Korukcu, A. 2010. Water-yield relationships in deficit irrigated potato. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 24 (2): 23–36.
Barnabas, B., Jager, K., and Feher, A. 2008. The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant Cell Environment, 31: 11–38.
Bates L.S. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39:205–207.
Beaudoin-Eagan, L. D., and Thorpe, T. A. 1985. Tyrosine and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities during shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures. Plant Physiology, 78: 438-441.
Benavides, M.P., Marconi, P.L., Gallego, S.M., Comba, M.E., and Tomaro, M.L. 2000 Relationship between antioxidant defense system and salt tolerance in Solanum tuberosum. Australian Journal Plant Physiology, 27: 273-8.
Chen, J.Y., Wen, P. F., Kong, W. F., Qiu-Hong, P., Ji-Cheng, Z., Jing-Ming, L., Si-Bao, W., and Wei-Dong, H. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in harvested grape berries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40: 64-72.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28 (3): 350–356.
Elhani, S., Haddadi, M., Hamim, A., and Banfalvi, Z., 2019. Effects of partial root-zone drying and deficit irrigation on yield, irrigation water-use efficiency and some potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) quality traits under glasshouse conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 224:105745.
Fabeiro, C., Martin, D. S., and Juan, D. 2001. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes. Agricultural Water Management, 48: 255 – 266.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S.M.A. 2016. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 49: 185–212.
Ghorbani, M., Gafarabad, M., Amirkian, T., and Allahverdi Mamaghani, B. 2013. Investigation of proline, total protein, chlorophyll, ascorbate and dehydro ascorbate changes under drought stress in Akria and Mobil tomato cultivars. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3 (2): 651-658.
Hardrami, A. E. l., Adam, R. L., and Daayf, F. 2010. Chitosan in plant protection. Marine Drugs, 8(4), 875-968.
Hussain, A., Nazir, F., and Fariduddin, Q. 2019. Polyamines (spermidine and putrescine) mitigate the adverse effects of manganese induced toxicity through improved antioxidant system and photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea. Chemosphere, 236, 124830. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2019.124830.
Kafi, M., Borzoi, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoumi, A., and Nabati, C. 2009. Physiology of environmental stresses in plants. Publications University of Mashhad.
Karam, F., Amacha, N., Fahed, S., Asmar, T.E., and Dominguez, A. 2014. Response of potato to full and deficit irrigation under semiarid climate: Agronomic and economic implications. Agricultural Water Management, 142:144-151.
Kifle, M., and Gebretsadikan, T.G. 2016. Yield and water use efficiency of furrow irrigated potato under regulated deficit irrigation, Atsibi-Wemberta, North Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management, 170:133-139.
Korori, S. A. A. 1989. Gel electrophoresis tables and spectral photometric tests. Influence of temperature on structure and actrits of amylase and peroxidase isoenzymesGelelektrophores tische and spectral photometrischoe unter uchungen. zomeinfiuss der temperature auf straktur and aktrits der amylase and peroxidase isoenzyme, Physiology of Vegetables, 20: 15-23.
Kulak, M. 2020. Recurrent drought stress effects on essential oil profile of Lamiaceae plants: An approach regarding stress memory. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112695.
Mahdavianfard, A., Dahajipour Heidarabadi, M., Malekzadeh, K.H., and Sahhafi S.R. 2021.  The effect of chitosan on phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid and expression of key genes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in cell suspension culture of Melissa officinalis L. Journal of Cell and Tissue, 11 (4): 243-262.
Martinez-Romero, A., Dominguez, A., and Landeras, G. 2019. Regulated deficit irrigation strategies for different potato cultivars under continental Mediterranean-Atlantic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 216:164-176.
Masoudi-Sadaghiani, F., Abdollahi Mandoulakani, B., Zardoshti, M.R., Rasouli-Sadaghiani, M.H., and Tavakoli, A. 2011. Response of proline, soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different irrigation regimes in greenhouse condition. Australian Journal of crop Science, 5(1): 55-60.
Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 2016. Yearbook of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, vegetable and summer sector.
Nohong, B., and Nompo, S. 2015. Effect of water stress on growth, yield, proline and soluble sugars contents of Signal grass and Napier grass species. American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 9(5): 14-21.
Park, J.E., Kim, J., and Purevdorj, E. 2021. Effects of long light exposure and drought stress on plant growth and glucosinolate production in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Food Chemistry, 340, 128167. Kulak, M., 2020. Recurrent drought stress effects on essential oil profile of Lamiaceae plants: An approach regarding stress memory.  Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112695.
Petriccione, M., Mastrobuoni, F., Pasquariello, M. S., Zampella, L., Nobis, E., Capriolo, G., and Scortichini, M. 2015. Effect of chitosan coating on the post-harvest quality and antioxidant enzyme system response of strawberry fruit during cold storage. Foods, 4, 501-523. https:// doi.org/10.3390/foods4040501.
Pirbalouti, A. G., Samani, M., Hashemi, M., and Zeinali, H. 2014. Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Regulation, 72, 289-301.
Rabiee, K., Khodambashi, M., And Rezaei, A.M. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in potato cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 41 (1): 171-177.
Sanchez, F.J., Manzanares, M., de Andres, E.F., Tenorio, J.L., and Ayerbe, L. 1998. Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crops Research, 59, 225–235.
Schaller, G., and Kieber, J. 2002. Ethylene. American Society Plant Biologists, 1-17.
Shojaei Nofarst, K. 2014. Evaluation of morphophysiological characteristics affecting water stress tolerance in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.). Mashhad Ferdowsi University.
Singleton, V.L., and Rossi J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with hosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16 (3), 144-158.
Solecka, D., and Kacperska, A. 2003. Phenylpropanoid deficiency affects the course of plant acclimation to cold. Physiology Plantarum, 119: 253-262.
Stewart, C.R., and Hanson, A.D. 1980. Proline accumulation as a metabolic response to water stress. In: Turner, N.C., Kramer, P.J. (Eds.),Proline accumulation as a metabolic response to water stress. Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 173–189.
Teixeira, J., and Pereira, S. 2006. High salinity and drought act on an organ-dependent manner on potato glutamine synthetase expression and accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60: 121-126.
Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., and Wn, J. 2004. Induction studing of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid on Taxane production in suspension of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 19:259-265.
Wegener, C.B., Jansen, G., and Jürgens, H.U. 2014. Influence of drought and wounding stress on soluble phenols and proteins in potato tubers. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 3: 1-15.
Yoshiba, Y., Yamada, M., Morishita, H., Uran, K., Shiozaki, N., Yamaguchi, K., and Shinozaki, K. 2005. Effects of free proline accumulation in petunias under drought stress. Experimental Botany, 56(417): 1975-1986.