ارزیابی تحمل به تنش کمبود فسفر در لاین‌های خالص آفتابگردان روغنی (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

فسفر از عناصر ضروری برای گیاهان است؛ در خاک‌های آهکی به‌دلیل pH بالا، وجود کربنات کلسیم، کمبود ماده آلی، مقدار فسفر قابل جذب گیاه بسیار کم بوده و همچنین کانی‌های دارای فسفر در شرایط معمولی انحلال‌پذیری کمتری دارند. به منظور شناسایی لاین‌های متحمل به تنش کمبود فسفر، آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 95 لاین خالص آفتابگردان روغنی در دو شرایط بهینه و کمبود فسفر در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه انجام شد. شاخص‌های میانگین هارمونیک (HARM)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP) و تحمل به تنش (STI) به ترتیب همبستگی بسیار معنی‌داری با عملکرد در شرایط بهینه و کمبود فسفر نشان دادند، لذا می‌توان این شاخص‌ها را بعنوان مناسب‌ترین شاخص‌ها برای غربال کردن لاین‌های متحمل به کمبود فسفر که در شرایط بهینه و کمبود فسفر عملکرد بالایی دارند در نظر گرفت. با توجه به نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی و تجزیه کلاستر بر مبنای شاخص‌های تحمل و عملکرد تحت شرایط بهینه و کمبود فسفر، لاین‌های شماره 38 (37/54=Ys؛ 23/72=Yp؛ 40/106=TAPs؛ 53/400=TAPp)، 94 (73/34=Ys؛ 60/70=Yp؛ 00/44=TAPs؛ 93/121=TAPp) و 95 (77/25=Ys؛ 67/70=Yp؛ 53/21=TAPs؛ 53/36=TAPp) نه تنها از نظر شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش، بلکه در هر دو شرایط بهینه و کمبود فسفر نیز عملکرد دانه و میزان کل فسفر جذب شده بالایی نشان دادند که می‌توان از این لاین‌ها برای معرفی ارقامی مطلوب با عملکرد بالا و فسفر-کارا در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی بهره جست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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