بررسی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات ریشه ای ارقام مختلف گندم دوروم تحت کاریرد کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران

2 گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام

3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام،

4 دکتری مهندسی ژنتیک، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و کود فسفر بر کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی فسفره و صفات عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله( ایلام) در سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار رقم گندم (دهدشت، ذهاب، ساورز و ساجی) و پنج سطح منبع کودی (عدم مصرف منبع کودی، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا و ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر برهمکنش رقم× منابع کودی بر ارتفاع بوته، وزن سنبله، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک گندم معنی‌دار بود، بیشترین طول ریشه (76 سانتی‌متر)، ارتفاع بوته (108 سانتی‌متر) و تعداد سنبلچه (16 سنبلچه) در رقم ساورز و همچنین بیشترین وزن سنبله (7/3 گرم)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (41 دانه)، وزن هزار دانه (42 گرم)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (9616 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد دانه (4238 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، و کارایی مصرف آب (7/4 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر) در رقم ساجی و از تیمار تلفیق مایکوریزا به همراه 25 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار به دست آمد. همچنین کمترین میزان این صفات از رقم دهدشت در تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف منبع کودی) حاصل شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که استفاده از رقم ساجی همراه با ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر در مقایسه با سایر ارقام گندم دیم مقاومت بیشتری نشان داده و باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه شد.

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