بررسی اثر روش های مختلف کاشت و سطوح مختلف توزیع هورمون ها بر آناتومی برگ پرچم ژنوتیپ های برنج تحت تنش شوری در شمال خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق دوره پسادکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین بهترین روش کشت و تیمار هورمونی در مواجهه با شرایط شوری پیرامون گیاه برنج به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در استان خوزستان در دو سال (1397 و 1398) انجام شد. سه شیوه کاشت (خشکه‌کاری، نشایی و مستقیم یا رایج منطقه)، 16 سطح مختلف هورمون‌های اکسین و سالسیلیک اسید به صورت پرایمینگ بذری و تیمارهای مختلف اسپری برگی با مقدار 1 و 2 لیتر در هکتار و زمانهای اسپری مختلف در مراحل پنجه‌زنی و ظهور خوشه بر ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف برنج مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد به غیر از اثر متقابل روش‌کشت در هورمون صفت سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ در سایر موارد اثرات اصلی و متقابل صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود دارد. بیشترین سطح دستجات آوندی در روش‌کشت نشایی به دلیل مدیریت بهینه و پرایمینگ با اکسین و سالسیلیک‌اسید به دلیل بیشترین تاثیر گذاری بر گیاه بدست آمد. همچنین سطح صفات مزبور در ژنوتیپ‌های با مقاومت بیشتر کمتر بود که می‌تواند یکی از مکانیسم‌های اصلی گیاه به لحاظ افزایش سازگاری و حفظ بیشتر پتانسیل آبی درون گیاه تحت تنش شرایط شوری باشد. در نهایت به ترتیب بیشترین سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ و کوچک با متوسط 12348 و 792/1928 میکرومترمربع در ژنوتیپ‌های IR 80508-B-194-3-B و عنبوری قرمز در تیمارهای گفته شده بدست آمد. سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار را با ضریب **124/0 با عملکرد دانه به لحاظ سطح بالای آن در انتقال آب دارا بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ahmad, I., Maqsood, S., Basra, A.,andWahid, A. 2014. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide improves the productivity of hybrid maize at low temperature stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16: 825-830.
Anon, S., Fernadez, J.A.,Torrecillas, A.,Alaroon, J.J.,and Sanchez–Bloanco, M.J. 2004. Effects of water stress and night temperature precondition on water relations and morphological and anatomical changes of lotus creticus plants. international journal of horticultural sciences, 101: 333-342.
Anosheh, P., Emam, Y., Ashraf, M.,andFoolad, R.N. 2012. Exogenous application in salicylic acid and alleviation chloramquat chloride negative effects. Adv. JournalofBiological Studies, 4(11): 501-520.
Babu, R.C., Shashidhar, H.E., Lilley, J.M.,andThanh, N.D. 2001. Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rain fed lowland and upland ecosystem. Plant Breed, 120: 233-238.
Baruch, Z.,andMerida, T. 1995. Effects of drought and flooding on root anatomy in four tropical forage grasses. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 156 (4): 514–521.
Biswambhar, S. 1965. Vascular morphology of the inflorescence of rice plant (oryza sativa. L.). Jute Agriculture Research Institute, 5: 202-218.
Claudio, L.,and Andrea, S. 1998. Effects of water stress on vessel size and xylem hydraulic conductivity in Vitisvinifera L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49 (321): 693-700.
Cleland, R.E. 1987. Auxin and cell elongation. In: P. J. Davies (ed). Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Kluwer . Dordrecht, The Netherlands,P: 132-148.
Darussalam Cole, M.A.,and Patrick, J.W. 1998. Auxin control of photoassimilate transport to and within developing grains of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25: 69-77.
Davies, P.J. 1995. Plant Hormones. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, P: 1-230.
Dawood, M.G. 2016. Influence of osmoregulators on plant tolerance to water stress. ScientiaAgriculturae, 13(1): 42-58. 
De data, S.K. 1982. Crop establishment technologies and cultural practices for upland rice. Paper Presented at The Upland Rice Work Shop,19:12-28.
Dunlap, J.R.,andBinzel, M.L. 1996. NaCl reduces Indol-3- acetic acid levels in the roots of tomato plants independent of stress-induced abscise acid. journal of plant physiology, 112: 379-384.
Eisvand, H.R., Tavakkol-Afshari, R.,Sharifzadeh, F.,MadahArefi, H.,andHesamzadehHejazi, S.M. 2008. Improvement of physiological quality of deteriorated tall wheat grass (Agropyronelongatum Host) seeds by hormonal priming for control and drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 1(39): 53-65. (in Persian with English abstract).
Emanuel, M.E.,and Wilson, C.W. 1982. Identification of a Casparian band in the hypodermis of onion and corn roots. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60: 1529-1535.
Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S.,and Ahmad, A. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reducutase activity, and seed yield in Brassicajuncea. Journal of Photosynthetica, 41: 281-284.
Ghorbani, A., Zarinkamar, F.,andFallah, A. 2011. Effect of cold stress on anatomical and morphological traits in both resistant and susceptible rice varieties at germination stage. Journal of Cells and Tissues, 2(3): 235-244.(in Persian with English abstract).
Ghosh, B.,andChakma, N. 2015. Impacts of rice intensification system on two C. D. blocks of Barddhaman district. West Bengal of Current Science, 109(2): 342-346.
Gilani, A. 2010. Determination of tolerance mechanisms and physiological effect of heat stress on rice cultivars in Khouzestan. PhD. Thesis, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin, Ahwaz, Iran, pp. 250. (in Persian with English abstract).
Gilani, A., Siadat, A., Jalali, S., and Limouchi, K. 2017. Evaluating the Effects of Sowing Dates on the Peduncle Anatomy and Grain Yeild of Rice Cultivars in the Climatic Condition of Khuzestan Province, Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10(4): 975-990. (in Persian with English abstract).
Grown, B.A. 2012. Physiological role of salicylic acid in improving performance, yield and some biochemical aspects of sunflower plant grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6: 82-89.
Han, X.B., Li, R.Q.,and Wang, J.B. 1997. Celluar structural comparison between different themo resistant cultivars of Raphanussativus l. under heat strassJwuhan. Botanical Research Journal, 15: 173-178 (In Chinese with English abstract).
Hansen, H.K.,and Grossmann, K. 2000. Auxin-induced enthylene triggers abscisic acid biosynthesis and growth inhibition. Plant Physiology, 124: 1437-1448.
Hayat, S.,and Ahmad, A. 2007. Salicylic Acid: plant hormone. International Journal of Springer, PP: 97-99.
Hiroyuki, S.H., Hasegava, T., Fujimura, S.H.,andIwama, K. 2004. Responses of leaf photosynthesis and plant water status in rice to low water temperature at different growth stages. Field Crops Research, 89: 71–83.
HoshiKawa, K. 1975. Growth, of the rice plant. Nosan-Gyson.Bunka-Kyokai, International Journal of Tokyo,P: 317.

IgazIqbal, E., Ashfaq, A., and Shakeel, A.R. 2000. Effect of direct seeding and transplanting methods on the yield and quality of fine rice Basmati. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 30 (2): 352-370.

IRRI (International Rice Research Institute ). 2019. los Banos, Philippines.
Iten, M., Hoffmann, T.,and Grill, E. 1999. Receptors and signaling components of plant hormones. Journal of Receptor & Signal Transduction Research, 19(1-4): 41-48.
Justin, S.H.F.W.,and Armstrong, W. 1987. The anatomical characteristics of roots and plant response to soil flooding. Journal of New Phytologist, 106: 465–495.
Koocheki, A.,andSarmadnia, G. 2012. Crop physiology. SID Publication of Mashhad.(in Persian with English abstract).
Larque-Saaveda, A. 1979. Stomatal closure in response to Salicylic acid treatment. Plant Physiology, 93: 371-37.
Limouchi, K. 2013. Effect of Different Planting Dates on the Anatomy of the Flag Leaf and Grain Yield of Rice Varieties in the Khuzestan Region, Iran. International Journal of Biology, 2(2): 19-27.(in Persian with English abstract).
Limouchi, K.,andFarahvash, F. 2014. Effect of different planting dates on anatomy of the peduncle and grain yield of rice varieties in the north Khuzestan region.Indian Journal of Scientific Research and Technology,2(2): 99-103.(in Persian with English abstract).
Limouchi, K., Siadat, S.A.,andGilani, A. 2014. Effect of planting date on vejetatives growth and yield of three rice cultivares in north regions of Khuzestan. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions, 11(1): 51-63.(in Persian with English abstract).
Majd, A., Jonobi, P., and Zanipour, M. 2009. Effects of drought stress on anatomical structure of the sunflower plant. Developmental Biology, 1(4): 11-24.
Modarresi, M., Mohammadi, V.,Zali, A.,and Mardi, M. 2010. Response of wheat yield and yield related traits to high temperature. Cereal Research Journal of communications, 38: 23–31.
Mohamadi, K.H., and Zahari, D. 1999. Investigation of direct rice cultivation by arid method.Abstract of the articles of the 5th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding.Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute,P: 1-200.
Mostajeran, A.,andRhimi-Eichi, V. 2008. Drought stress effect on root anatomical characteristics of rice cultivars (oryza sativa. L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 11(18): 2173-2183.
Multu S, Atice, O.,andNalbantoglu, B. 2009. Effect of salicylic acid and salinity on apoplastic and antioxidants enzymes in two wheat cultivars different in salt tolerant. Biology and Plant Journal, 53: 334-338.
Okhovat, M.,andVakili, D. 1997. Rice (Planting, Holding, Harvesting) First Edition,Farabi Publications, (in Persian with English abstract).
Painuli, D.K. 2000. Annual Report 1997-1999. All India Coordinated Research ProjectonSoil Physical Constraints and Their Amelioration For Sustainable Crop ProductionIndia Institute of Soil Science. Bhopal, India, P: 133.
Park, G.H., Kim, J.H.,and Kim, K.M. 2014. QTL analysis of yield components in rice using a cheongcheong/nagdong doubled haploid genetic map. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5: 1174-1180.
Pecetti, L., Annicchiarico, P.,andKashour, G. 1993. Flag leaf variation in Mediterranean durum wheat landraces and its relationship to frost and drought tolerance and yield response in moderately favourableconditions. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 93:25-28.
Qalavand, A.,andMadandoost, M. 1998. Study of the effect of cultivation method and plant density on yield and growth curve of different rice cultivars in Isfahan region. Abstract Seeds and Seedlings,(in Persian with English abstract).
Radwan, D.E.M.,andSoltan, D.M. 2012. The negative effects of clethodim in photosynthesis and gas exchange status of maize plants are ameliorated by salicylic acid pretreatment. Photosynthetica Journal, 50: 171–179.
Shamsul, H.,andAqil, A. 2007. Salicylic Acid- A Plant Hormone. Springer Prints, Available: www.spring.com. Life Sciences, Plant Sciences.
Shibli, R.A., Kushad, M.,Yousef, G.G.,and Lila, M.A. 2007. Physiological and biochemical responses of tomato micro shoots to induced salinity stress with associated ethylene accumulation. Plant Growth Regulation, 51: 159-169.
Szalai, G., Krantev, A.,Yordanova, R.,Popova, L.P.,andJanda, T. 2013. Influence of salicylic acid on phytochelatin synthesis in Zea mays during Cd stress. Turkish Journal of Botany, 37: 708–714.
Szepesi, A., Csiszar, J.,Bajkan, S.Z.,Gemes, K., Horvath, F.,Erdei, L., Deer, A., Simon, L.M.,andTari, I. 2005. Role of salicylic acid pre-treatment on the acclimation of tomato plants to salt and osmotic stress. ActaBiologicaSzegediensis, 49: 123-125.
Taslima, K., Hossain, F.,andAra, U. 2011. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on biochemical responses of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L.) Walp) var. bari fellon-1. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 46: 77-82.
War, A.R., Paulraj, M.G., War, M.Y.,andIgnacimuthu, S. 2011. Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (CicerarietinumL.). Plant Signaling and Behavior, 6: 1787–1792.
Zheng, G.L., yun, L.I., Shun-tang, C.,Hua, Z.,andGuo-hua, L. 2009. Effects of high temperature stress on microscopic and ultrastraturalcharaeteris tics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of rice. Journal of Rice Sciences, 16: 65-71.