بررسی تنوع صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیکی لاین های دابلدهاپلویید گندم با استفاده از روش های آماری چند متغیره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد یار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 معاون بخش تحقیقات غلات موسسه نهال و بذر

3 عضو هایت علمی بخش تحقیقات غلات

چکیده

در این تحقیق تنوع صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیکی تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع گیاه، تراکم دانه در سنبله و عملکرد دانه 150 لاین دابلدهاپلوییدگندم در قالب طرح آگمنت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. محاسبه ضرایب تغییرات فنوتیپی بیانگر وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بالایی در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه بود. برآورد همبستگی اجزاء عملکرد نشان داد که عملکرد دانه با صفت وزن هزار دانه دارای همبستگی مثبت و با صفات تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله دارای همبستگی منفی و معنی دار بود. بررسی تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که عوامل موثر بر خصوصیات سنبله (تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن دانه و تراکم دانه در سنبله)، زود رسی (تعداد روز تا ظهور 50 درصد سنبله و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک) و ارتفاع (تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، طول سنبله و ارتفاع گیاه) باهم 55/70 درصد از واریانس داده‌ها را در بر داشتند. برآورد عملکرد دانه در روش رگرسیون گام به گام مشخص نمود که وزن هزار دانه مهم ترین مولفه‌ای بود که ارتباط نزدیک‌تری با عملکرد دانه داشت و به تنهایی 3/10 درصد از تغییرات آن را توجیه می‌کرد. تجزیه علیت برای صفت عملکرد دانه نشان داد که وزن هزار دانه و طول سنبله بالاترین اثر مستقیم را بر عملکرد دانه داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که تعدادی از لاین‌های مورد بررسی دارای عملکرد و صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیکی برتری نسبت به والدین و شاهدهای آزمایش بودند.

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