ارزیابی شاخص‌های رشد، کارایی جذب و مصرف نور ارقام ذرت (Zea mays L.) در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در منطقه کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

3 دانش آموخته گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری بر شاخص‌های رشد، جذب و کارایی مصرف نور ذرت، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یکبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا شد. نیاز آبی در سه سطح شامل بیش آبیاری (130 درصد نیاز آبی)، آبیاری مطلوب (100 درصد نیاز آبی) و کم آبیاری (70 درصد نیاز آبی) در پلات اصلی و ارقام ذرت در سه سطح (KSC704، Simon و BC678) در پلات‌های فرعی به صورت تصادفی ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد جذب نور، کارایی مصرف نور و تولید ماده خشک ارقام KSC704 و Simon در واکنش به سطوح آبیاری نسبتاً مشابه و بیشتر از رقم BC678 بود. عملکرد دانه رقم Simon بر ارقام دیگر برتری داشت. مقدار جذب نور در تیمارهای بیش آبیاری، آبیاری مطلوب و کم آبیاری به ترتیب، 1318، 1241 و 1059 مگاژول در متر مربع و کارایی مصرف نور به ترتیب، 14/1، 05/1 و 00/1 گرم بر مگاژول بود. با تأمین 1064 میلی‌متر آب آبیاری، 16960 کیلوگرم ماده خشک و 7430 کیلوگرم دانه در هکتار تولید شد و با کاهش 30 و 60 درصد حجم آب آبیاری تولید ماده خشک به ترتیب 18 و 1/28 درصد و تولید دانه به ترتیب 5/15 و 8/39 درصد کاهش یافت. بطور کلی نتایج نشان دهنده واکنش مثبت ویژگی‌های مورد ارزیابی به تیمار بیش آبیاری بود که ممکن است به این علت باشد که استفاده از معادله پنمن-مونتیث-فائو روش مناسبی برای تعیین نیاز آبی گیاه در منطقه مورد بررسی نباشد.

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