تأثیر تاریخ کاشت، نیتروژن و فسفر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد زراعت وزارت جهاد کشاورزی

چکیده

این آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال ۱۳۹5 در منطقه درمیان انجام شد. در این تحقیق تاریخ کاشت به عنوان فاکتور اصلی (۱۰ فروردین و ۱۰ اردیبهشت)، مقادیر نیتروژن به عنوان فاکتور فرعی (۰، ۷۰ و ۱۴۰ کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) و مقادیر فسفر به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی (۰، ۶۰ و ۱۲۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در کاشت موجب کاهش طول غلاف (31/8 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (02/7 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (1/26 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (47/35 درصد) شد. افزایش مصرف نیتروژن موجب افزایش تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه (به‌جز ارتفاع بوته) شد. به‌ طوری که افزایش مصرف نیتروژن از صفر به 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش 51/50 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. همچنین، افزایش مصرف فسفر موجب افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، تعداد غلاف در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت شد. افزایش مصرف فسفر از صفر به 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش 24/24 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و نیتروژن بر تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن هزار دانه معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شنبلیله تاریخ کاشت 10 فروردین، مصرف 140 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر در منطقه بیرجند پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

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