گزینش لاین‌های گندم نان متحمل خشکی براساس شاخص‌های تحمل و تحلیل شجره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد یار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استاد موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 کارشناس موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق تعداد 291 لاین گندم نان با هدف انتخاب لاین‌های متحمل تنش خشکی آخر فصل به روش مشاهده‌ای بدون تکرار در دو شرایط نرمال و تنش مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. از صفات درصد سبز، تعداد روز تا سنبله دهی، رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، ارتفاع بوته، رنگ دانه، وزن هزار دانه، درصد خوابیدگی، ریزش دانه، و عملکرد دانه یادداشت برداری شد. شاخص‌های STI ، TOL ، GMP ، MP و SSI برای صفات وزن هزاردانه و عملکرد دانه در کلیه ژنوتیپ‌ها محاسبه شدند و در نهایت تعداد 34 لاین برتر و متحمل تنش خشکی آخر فصل با توجه به شاخص‌های STI و SSI در دو مرحله مورد گزینش قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل شجره‌نامه لاین‌های انتخابی نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‌های PASTOR ،WBLL1 ،SKAUZ و Y50E به ترتیب با 21/11 ، 34/6، 04/4 و 04/4 درصد بیشترین سهم و ژنوتیپ‌های CHIBIA ،KACHU و 1-73-240 به ترتیب با 01/0، 02/0 و 02/0 درصد کمترین سهم را در ریخته ارثی لاین‌های متحمل تنش خشکی آخر فصل داشتند. همچنین سهم برخی از ارقام گندم مانند امید، پیشتاز، پارسی، مرودشت، البرز و اترک در ریخته ژنتیکی لاین‌های انتخاب شده به ترتیب 78/2، 39/2، 47/1، 47/1، 44/1و 09/0 درصد بود. با توجه به نتایج پیشنهاد می‌شود که علاوه بر ارقام گندم فوق می‌توان از ارقامی که دارای ریخته ارثی ژنوتیپ‌های PASTOR ، KAUZ ، SKAUZ ، WBLL1 ، PBW343 ، Y50E و MUNAL #1 ‌باشند نیز در برنامه تولید ژرم پلاسم با صفات زراعی مناسب و متحمل تنش خشکی آخر فصل در اقلیم معتدل کشور استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Austin, R. B. 1987. Some crop characteristics of wheat and their influence on yield and water use. In: Drought tolerance in winter cereals. Wiley Science, New York, PP: 327-336.
Bramel-Cox, P.J., Barker, T., Zavala-Garcia, F., and Eastin, J.D. 1991. Selection and testing environments for improved performance under reduced-input conditions. In: Plant breeding and sustainable agriculture: considerations for objectives and methods. CSSA Special Publication No. 18, CSSA and ASA, Madison, USA, pp. 29-56
Barret, B.A., and Kidwell, K.K. 1998. Comparison of AFLP and pedigree-based genetic diversity assessment methods using wheat cultivars from the Pacific Northwest. Crop Science, 38: 1271–1278.
Cooper, M., Byth, D.E., and Woodruff, D.R. 1994. An investigation of the grain yield adaptation of CIMMYT wheat lines to water stress environments in Queensland. II. Classification analysis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 45: 985-1002.
Derrera, N.F., Marshal, D.R., and Balaari, L.N. 1969. Genetic variability in root development in relation to drought tolerance in spring wheat's. Experimental Agriculture, 5: 327-337.
Duvick, D.N. 1992. Genetic contributions to advances in yield of U. S. maize. Maydica 37:69-79.
Ehdaie, B., Waines, J.G., and Hall, A.E. 1988. Differential responses of landrace and improved spring wheat genotypes to stress environments. Crop Science, 28: 838-842.
Ehdaie, B. 1995. Variation in water –use efficiency and its components in wheat. Pot and field experiments. Crop Science, 35: 1617-1626.
Farshadfar, E., Poursiahbidi, M. M., Safavi, S. M. 2013. Assessment of drought tolerance in land races of bread wheat based on resistance/ tolerance indices. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2: 143-158.
Fernandez, G. C.1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress Tolerance. Pp: 257-270 In: Kuo, C.G. (Ed). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops to Temperature Water Stress Taiwan. 13-18Aug.
Fischer, R.A., and Maurer, R.1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. 1. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29: 879-912.
Fischer, R.A., and Wood, J.T. 1979. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. III. Yield association with morph- physiological traits. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 30: 1001-1020.
Gravandi, M., Farshadfar, A. and Kahrizi, D. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat advanced genotypes in field and laboratory conditions. Seed and Plant, 26: 252-233. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Heidari-sharifabad, H. 2008. Drought mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector. The 10th Iranian congress of Crop Science, 18-20 Aug. 2008, SPII, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Martin, J. M., Talbert, L. E., Lannings, S. P., and Blake, N. K. 1995. Hybrid performance in wheat as related to parental diversity. Crop Science, 35: 104–108.
Najafian, G. 2005. Evaluation of quantitative and bread making quality traits of different bread wheat genotypes in preliminary regional yield trial for moderate region (PRWYT-M). Cereal research department, seed and plant improvement institute. 27 pages (In Persian with English Summary).
Najafian, G. 2009. Drought tolerance indices, their relationships and manner of application to wheat breeding programs. Middle Eastern and Russian journal of plant science and biotechnology. 3 (special issue1), 25-34 Global Science Books.
Nourmand Moayyed, F. 1997. Investigating the diversity of quantitative traits and their relationship with bread wheat yield in dry and wet conditions and determining the index of drought resistance. Master of Science (MSc), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran (In Persian with English Summary).
Nourmand-Moayyed, F., Rostami, M.A., Ghanadha, M.R., 2001. Evaluation of drought resistance indices in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal Agriculture Science, 32: 795-805. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Parker, G.D., Fox, P.N., Langridge, P., Chalmers, K., Whan, B., and Ganter, P.F. 2002. Genetic diversity within Australian wheat breeding programs based on molecular and pedigree data. Euphytica, 124: 293–306.
Rajaram, S. 2000. International wheat breeding: past and present achievements and future directions, Warren E. Kronstad Honorary Symposium Oregon State University Extension Service, Special Report 1017 June 2000.
Rauf, S., Dasilva, J.T., Khan, A.A., and Naveed, A. 2010. Consequences of plant breeding on genetic diversity. International Journal of Plant Breeding, 41: 1–21.
Rauf, S., Ali Tariq, S., and Waseem Hassan, S. 2012 Estimation of pedigree based diversity in Pakistani wheat (Triticum aestvium L.) germplasm. International journal of the faculty of agriculture and biology, Warsaw University of life sciences, Poland. V. 7, No. 1, PP. 14–22
Rosielle, A.A., and Hamblin, J. 1981. Theoretical aspect of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science, 21:943-946.
Sarmadnia, G.H. 1993. Importance of environmental stress in cultivation. Key articles of the first congress of agriculture and plant breeding of Tehran University (In Persian).
Shafazadeh, M.K., Yazdanswpas, A., Amini, A., Gannadha, M.R. 2004. Study of terminal drought tolerance in promising winter and facultative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using stress susceptibility and tolerance indices. Seed and Plant, 20: 57-71. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Soleimani, V.D., Baum, B.R., and Johnson, D.A. 2002. AFLP and pedigree-based genetic diversity estimates in modern cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104: 350–357.
Uddin, N., Carver, B.F., and Clutter, A.C. 1992. Genetic analysis and selection for wheat yield in drought-stressed and irrigated environments. Euphytica 62:89-96.
Yazdi-Samadi, B., and Abde-Mishani, S. 1991. Breeding field crops. Tehran University Press Center. P. 283. (In Persian).
Zare Feyz Abadi, A., and Ghodsi, M. 2002. Study on drought tolerance of wheat lines and cultivars in cold regions. Agricultural Sciences and Technology Journal, 16 (2): 181-189. (In Persian with English Summary).
Zavala-Garcia, F., Bramel-Cox, P.J., Eastin, J.D., Witt, M.D., and Andrews, D.J. 1992. Increasing the efficiency of crop selection for unpredictable environments. Crop Science, 32:51-57.