اثرات تنش خشکی و ریزگرد بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک در گیاه سورگوم دانه ای (Sorghum bicolar L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری زراعت، گروه کشاورزی، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران.

3 مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

خشک‌سالی‌های اخیر علاوه بر ایجاد تنش خشکی موجب بروز پدیده ریزگرد بویژه در غرب کشور شده است. تأثیر تنش خشکی و ریزگرد بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گیاه سورگوم دانه‌ای (Sorghum bicolar L.) در آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با 4 تکرار در تابستان سال‌های 1395 و 1396 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تنش خشکی از طریق آبیاری پس از 60 (آبیاری مطلوب)، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس الف به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و پاشش ریزگرد در سه سطح عدم کاربرد (شاهد) و کاربرد 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در متر مکعب هوا به‌صورت شبیه‌سازی در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی شدید موجب کاهش معنی‌دار میزان کلروفیل-های ‌a وb و محتوی نسبی آب برگ پرچم (از 81 به 71 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (از 8741 به 6743 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد، ولی قندهای محلول (از 3/4 به 9/7 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده تر)، محتوی پرولین (از 25/0 به 66/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده تر) و درجه حرارت برگ افزایش معنی‌داری داشت. اگرچه اثر ریزگرد بر هیچ‌یک از صفات معنی‌دار نشد، لیکن با افزایش غلظت ریزگرد بطور خطی از محتوی نسبی آب برگ پرچم کاسته و بر درجه حرارت برگ افزوده شد.

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