مطالعه تغذیه برگی عناصر کم‌مصرف (آهن، روی و منگنز) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیای قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در شرایط قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، گرایش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تغذیه برگی عناصر آهن، روی و منگنز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا قرمز تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری، پژوهشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه‌ای تجاری واقع در شهرستان مبارکه به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گردید. کرت‌های اصلی شامل سطوح قطع آبیاری در سه سطح: شاهد (بدون قطع آبیاری)، یک نوبت قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و یک نوبت قطع آبیاری در مرحله خمیری دانه و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز‌مغذی در پنج سطح شامل شاهد (محلول‌پاشی با آب معمولی)، محلول‌پاشی منگنز (با غلظت 5/1 در هزار)، روی (با غلظت 5/1 در هزار)، آهن (با غلظت 2 در هزار) و ترکیب این سه عنصر به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (8/61 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد دانه در غلاف (2/6 عدد) و طول غلاف (1/11 سانتی‌متر) در شرایط کاربرد تلفیقی عناصر کم‌مصرف مشاهده گردید که در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم کاربرد عناصر کم‌مصرف)، به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 2/17، 7/34 و 8/16 درصد افزایش داشت. کمترین وزن صد دانه (3/26 گرم) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی مشاهده گردید که در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم قطع آبیاری)، 7/24 درصد کاهش داشت. محلول‌پاشی توأم عناصر ریزمغذی در شرایط عدم قطع آبیاری، قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و خمیری دانه باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 1/21، 8/41 و 8/9 درصد نسبت به شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) گردید. بر اساس نتایج، در شرایط منطقه مورد مطالعه، محلول‌پاشی عناصر کم‌مصرف به‌ویژه کاربرد تلفیقی آنها می‌تواند موجب بهبود عملکرد لوبیا گردد.

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