ارزیابی واکنش ژنوتیپ های گندم دوروم به تنش خشکی آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات زراعی-باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرماتشاه، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی آخر فصل از مهمترین عوامل تاثیر گذار در تولید گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) است. لذا با هدف شناسایی لاین‌های جدید متحمل به این تنش، تعداد 154 لاین گندم دوروم در شرایط آبیاری بهینه و تنش خشکی آخر فصل (قطع آبیاری از مرحله آبستنی یا Z=4.5) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اسلام آباد غرب طی سال‌های 92-1391 و 93-1392 کشت شدند. براساس عملکرد دانه دو محیط، شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی محاسبه شد. بین لاین‌های مورد بررسی تنوع بالایی برای عملکرد و شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی مشاهده شد. تجزیه‌خوشه‌ای لاین‌ها را در 6 گروه جای داد. تعداد 12 لاین با قرار گرفتن در یک گروه، براساس بیشتر شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی و عملکرد دو محیط نسبت به دیگر گروه‌ها برتر بودند. نتایج تجزیه‌به‌مولفه‌های‌اصلی لاین-های برتر نشان داد لاین‌هایG41، G116، G123 و G199 بهترین لاین‌ها برای تحمل به خشکی آخر فصل بوده و در شرایط آبیاری بهینه نیز عملکرد مطلوبی داشتند. از طرف دیگر لاین‌های G50، G46 و G38 برای شرایط بهینه مناسب بوده و واجد تحمل به تنش آخر فصل نیز بودند. لاین‌های G29 وG157 هرچند در بین لاین‌های برتر بودند، اما تحمل به تنش پایینی نشان دادند و برای شرایط بهینه مناسب بودند. لاین‌های G105، G93 و G159 به شرایط تنش انتهایی متحمل بودند، اما در شرایط بهینه عملکرد پایینی داشتند. بطورکلی چهار لاین به شماره های G41، G116، G123 وG199، بویژه لاین G116، پتانسیل تولید رقم برای تنش خشکی انتهای فصل را داشته و برای شرایط منطقه مورد مطالعه یا مناطق مشابه قابل توصیه می باشند.

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