اثر مواد ضد تعرق وکاهنده تنش خشکی بر دوام سطح برگ، کارایی مصرف آب و عملکرد دانه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در رژیم های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نیاتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی همدان

چکیده

طی آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی اثر رژیم‌های بدون آبیاری ، آبیاری در مراحل گلدهی، غلاف‌دهی و گل‌دهی + غلاف‌دهی در کرت‌های اصلی و اثر مواد ضدتعرق (کائولین، کیتوزان) به همراه کاهنده‌های تنش خشکی (کلرید کلسیم، سلنات سدیم) در کرتهای فرعی بر دوام سطح برگ، کارآیی مصرف آب و عملکرد نخود رقم آزاد طی سال زراعی 94-93 در همدان بررسی شد. در رژیم های مختلف آبیاری، محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان و کلرید کلسیم نسبت به مصرف کائولین و سلنات سدیم تاثیر بیشتری بر اغلب صفات مورد بررسی داشتند. محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان و کلریدکلسیم در تیمار آبیاری مرحله گلدهی با مصرف 1820 متر-مکعب آب ، صفات تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد پروتئین دانه، کارآیی مصرف آب و شاخص دوام سطح برگ را به ترتیب 91، 94، 106، 49، 95، 23 و 23 درصد و در تیمار آبیاری مرحله غلافدهی با مصرف 1910 مترمکعب آب، به ترتیب 138، 146، 192، 83، 164، 65 و 34 درصد نسبت به شرایط دیم افزایش دادند. در رژیم آبیاری گلدهی + غلافدهی با مصرف 2590 مترمکعب آب، محلولپاشی کیتوزان و کلرید کلسیم صفات مذکور را به ترتیب 195، 214، 361، 124، 255، ،72 و 35 درصد نسبت به دیم افزایش دادند. بنابراین با توجه به وقوع تنش خشکی در انتهای فصل کاشت، می‌توان از رژیم دو بار آبیاری در مراحل گلدهی و غلافدهی و یا یکبار آبیاری در مرحله غلاف‌دهی به‌همراه محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان و کلرید کلسیم جهت افزایش عملکرد دانه نخود رقم آزاد بهره برد.

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