بررسی واکنش ارقام گلرنگ به تیمار های آبیاری در کشتهای بهاره و تابستانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
نوسانات بارندگی و دسترسی به منابع آب زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد محصولات زراعی را به‌ویژه در کشت‌های بهاره و تابستانه تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. گل‌رنگ یکی از گیاهان روغنی بومی ایران است که نسبت به خشکی مقاوم است. این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل دو تاریخ کشت بهاره و تابستانه، فاکتور فرعی شامل سه تیمار آبیاری (شاهد، قطع آبیاری در شروع گلدهی و قطع آبیاری از دوره پر شدن دانه) و فاکتور فرعی فرعی شامل نه رقم گلرنگ بود. تاریخ کاشت بهاره نسبت به تابستانه در تمامی صفت‌های اندازه‌گیری شده اختلاف معنی‌دار داشت. عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کشت فروردین‌ماه 3070 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که نسبت به تیرماه، 62 درصد افزایش نشان داد. تیمار آبیاری بر ارتفاع، تعداد دانه در غوزه و عملکرد دانه اثر معنی‌دار داشت و قطع آبیاری باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در غوزه و عملکرد گردید. عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری در دوره پر شدن دانه و دوره گلدهی نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 21 و 54 درصد کاهش نشان داد. در بین ارقام، صفه و گلدشت دارای بالاترین عملکرد دانه بودند و در تیمار قطع آبیاری در شروع گلدهی بین ارقام اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. به‌طورکلی رقم‌های ایرانی نسبت به ارقام مکزیکی توانایی بهتری برای مقاومت به تنش و تولید عملکرد دانه بالاتر داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Akhtarbeg, H.H., and Pala, M. 2001. Prospects of safflower (Carthamun tinctorius L.) production in dry land areas of Iran. Fifth International Safflower Conference July, 23-27. Montana, USA.
Alessi, J., Power, J. F., and Zimmerman. D.C. 1981. Effects of seeding date and population on water-use efficiency and safflower yield. Agronomy Journal. 73:783-787.
Arnon, I. 1972. Crop production in dry regions. Background and principles. Leonard Hill. London. I: PP: 372-380.
Ashri, A., Zimmer, D.E., Urie, A.L., Cahaner, A., and Marani, A. 1974. Evaluation of the world collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)IV. Yield and yield components and their relationships. Crop Science. 14: 799- 802.
Bagheri, A., Goldani, M., and Hasanzadeh, M. 1997. Planting and breeding of lentil. Jahad Daneshgahi. Press. Page 62. (In Persian with English Summary).
Bagheri, H., Saeedi, G., and Ehsanzade, P. 2006. Evaluation of agronomic traits of selected genotypes from native accessions of safflower in spring and summer sowing dates. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 10: 375-390.
Bagheri, M. 1995. Effects of planting date on yield and yield components of safflower. M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Technology, Isfahan. (In Persian with English Summary).
Boyer, J.S., and Westgate. M.E. 2004. Grain yield with limited water. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55:2385–2394.
Caliskan, S., Caliskan, M.E., Arslan,M and Arioglu, H. 2008. Effects of sowing date and growth duration on growth and yield of groundnut in a Mediterranean-type environment in Turkey. Field Crops Research. 105: 131-140.
Dadashi, N., and Khajehpour, M.R. 2004b. Effects of planting date and cultivar on growth, yield components and seed yield of safflower in Isfahan. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 8(3): 95-112.
Edalatian, F. 2007. Evaluation of supplementary irrigation effects on yield and yield component of four Lentil cultivars. M.Sc Thesis. Islamic Azad University.Bojnourd Branch. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ehdai, B., and Noormohammadi, G. 1984. Effect of planting date on yield and other agronomic traits of two safflower varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science (Shahid Chamran University). 9. 28-41, (In Persian with English Summary).
Ehsanzadeh, P. 2003. Yield, yield components and growth characteristics of two safflower genotypes under varying plant densities. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 7(1): 129-140.
Emami, T., Naseri, R., Falahi, H. and Kazemi, E. 2011. Response of yield, yield component and oil content of safflower (CV Sina) to planting date and plant spacing on row in rainfed conditions of western Iran. American- Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 10(10): 947-953.
Farbodnia, T. 1995. Drought stress effect on germination, growth and some biochemical changes in tow Iranian Pea lines. M.Sc Thesis. Tarbiat Moallem Univesity of Tehran. (In Persian with English Summary).
Fathi, G. 2006. Effects of planting pattern and population density on light extinction coefficient, light interception and grain yield of sweet corn (Hybrid SC402). Journal of Agricultural Science. 12: 131-143.
Froozan, K. 2005. Safflower production in Iran (past, now, future). (2005). P. 255-257. In E. Esendel (ed.) Proceedings of the 6th International Safflower Conference. 6-10 June. 2005. Istanbul, Turkey.
Guo Yulia, X., and Lianlu, L. 1992.The relations between yield formation and development of flowering parts as well as growth of branches and leaves.Third International Safflower Conference. Beijing, China, 465-477.
Hang, A. N., and Evans, D. W. 1985. Deficit sprinkler irrigation of sunflower and safflower. Agronomy Journal. 77:588-592
Jajarmi, V., Azizi, M., Shadlu, A,. and Omidi Tabrizi. A. H. (2009). The effect of density, variety and planting date on yield and yield components of safflower. P. 235-241. In S.E. Knights and T.D. Potter (ed.) Proceedings of the 7th International Safflower Conference. 10-14 June. 2009. Wagga, Australia.
Khajeh Pour, M.R. 1991. Production of industrial crops. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan. (In Persian with English Summary).
Luebs, R. E., Yermanos, D. M., Laag, A. E. and Burge, W. D. 1965. Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil, content, and requirement of safflower. Agronomy Journal. 57:162-164.
Matsui, T., K. Omasa, and T. Horie. 2001. The difference in sterility due to high temperature during flowering period among japonica rice varieties. Plant Production Science. 4:90–93.
Mozaffari, K., and Asadi, A.A. 2006. Relationships among traits using correlation, principal components and path analysis safflower mutants sown in irrigated and drought stress condition. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 5 (6): 977-983.
Naderi Darbaghshahi, M.R., Nourmohammadi. G., Majidi,I., Darvish, F and Shirani Rad, A.H. 2004. Evaluation of the reaction three lines of Sufflower to different intensities drought stress. 10(4), 3-15. (In Persian with English Summary).
Nejadshamlu, A. 1996. Study of morphological and physiological traits of spring Safflower varieties in Esfahan. M.Sc Thesis. Islamic Azad University Isfahan Branch. (In Persian with English Summary).
Nemeskéri, E., Sárdi, É., Remenyik, J., Kőszegi, B., and Nagy, P. 2010. Study of defensive mechanisms against drought of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Acta Physiologiae. Plantarum. Vol. 32 (No. 6): 1125-1134.
Nickabadi, S., Solemani, A., Dehdashti, S.M., and Yazdanibakhsh, M. 2008. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Isfahan Region. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 11:1953-1956.
Ozel, A. 2004. Effects of different sowing date and intrarow spacing on yield and some agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) under Harran plain’s arid conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28(6): 413-419.
Prasad, P.V.V., Staggenborg, S. A., and Ristic, Z. 2008. Impacts of drought and/or heat stress on physiological, developmental, growth and yield processes of crop plants. In: Response of crops to limited water: Understanding and modeling water stress effects on plant growth processes. Eds. Ahuja, L.R., et al. Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Series 1., ASA, CSSA, SSSA. USA.
Richards, R.A. 1996. Defining selection criteria to improve yield under drought. Plant Growth Regulation. 20: 157-166.
Sadras, V.O. 2007. Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops. Field Crops Research. 100:125–138.
Samadani, B., and Daneshvar, F. 1991. Effects of planting date on yield and other agronomic traits of safflower varieties in Esfahan. Research Report. Science Faculty of Esfahan University. (In Persian with English Summary).
Shahsavari, M.R., Omidi Tabrizi, A.H., and Karimi S. 2001. Final report of Pure line selection in local safflower population of Esfahan Province. Agriculture and natural resources research center of Esfahan (In Persian with English Summary).
Tesar, M. B. 1984. Physiological basis of crop growth and development. American Society of Agronomy (USA); Crop Science Society of America (USA).
Tomar, S.S. 1995. Effect of soil hydrothermal regimes on the performance of safflower planted on different dates. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 175: 141-152.
Zimmerman, L. H. 1972. Effect of temperature and humidity stress during flowering on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Crop Science. 12: 637-640.