ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی خدمات بوم‌سازگانی در کشت‌بوم‌های علوفه‌ای جو و تریتیکاله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

خدمات بوم‌سازگان مزایا و کارکردهایی هستند که بوم‌نظام‌ها برای انسان فراهم می‌کنند. در این مطالعه انواع خدمات تأمینی، حمایتی و تنظیمی در کشت‌بوم‌های جو و تریتیکاله واقع در شرکت زراعی دشت ناز ساری (استان مازندران) در سال زراعی 99-1398 ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی شد. خدمات بوم‌سازگانی مورد بررسی شامل تنوع زیستی حشرات و گیاهان هرز از زیر مجموعه خدمات حمایتی با استفاده از شاخص‌های شانون-واینر، سیمپسون، مارگالف، یکنواختی و منهنیک، خدمات تنظیمی با استفاده از نمایه‌های تنفس میکروبی خاک، ترسیب کربن، فراوانی کرم خاکی، ماده آلی، پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، تولید اکسیژن و خدمات تأمینی شامل عملکرد و میزان پروتئین دانه ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی شدند. نمونه‌های خاک قبل از کشت گیاهان جو و تریتیکاله در آبان 1398 و پس از برداشت آن در خرداد 1399 از عمق 0-30 سانتی‌متری برداشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان خدمت تولید اکسیژن حدود 66/17 و 57/16 تن در هکتار از قطعات علوفه‌ای 12 جو و 16 تریتیکاله حاصل گردید. در این پژوهش بیشترین میزان ترسیب کربن (67/2 تن در هکتار) و فعالیت تنفس میکروبی قبل از کشت و بعد از برداشت محصول به ترتیب به میزان 40/91 و 95/45 میلی گرم CO2 به ازای هر کیلوگرم خاک در روز به قطعه 18 جو تعلق داشت. بطور کلی مدیریت زراعی و اجرای نظام کشاورزی فشرده، بر ارائه بسیاری از خدمات بوم‌سازگان در مزارع جو و تریتیکاله در منطقه دشت ناز ساری تأثیرگذار بود، به-طوری‌که این خدمات تحت تأثیر عواملی متعددی مانند رقم زراعی، تناوب زراعی، روش‌های خاکورزی و غیره قرار گرفتند.

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