اثر افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی ازطریق کشت مخلوط ارقام گندم برکارآیی مصرف نیتروژن و بهره وری آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اگرانومی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بغلان- افغانستان و دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه فردوسی

5 دانشیار گروه اگرانومی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرات- افغانستان

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی درکشت مخلوط ارقام گندم بر بهبود کارایی استفاده از منابع در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با ۳ تکرار در دو سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص و مخلوط‌های دوتایی، سه‌تایی و چهارتاییی چهار رقم گندم حیدری، پیشگام، پیشتاز و فلات بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که از نظر بهره‌وری مصرف آب، مقدار نیتروژن جذب شده، کارایی مصرف و کارایی جذب نیتروژن در کشت خالص و مخلوط ارقام مختلف گندم اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت ولی تفاوت معنی‌داری در کارایی تبدیل نیتروژن مشاهده نشد. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن جذب ‌شده، کارایی مصرف، جذب و تبدیل نیتروژن متعلق به کشت مخلوط ارقام پیشتاز و حیدری (1/99 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 5/34 کیلوگرم دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن، 3/69 در صد، 8/49 درصد)، پیشتاز همرا با حیدری و فلات (1/111 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 6/36 کیلوگرم دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن، 2/78 درصد) بود. در حالیکه بیشترین بهره‌وری مصرف آب را کشت خالص و مخلوط به ترتیب ارقام پیشتاز (9/0کیلوگرم برمترمکعب آب)، پیشتاز و حیدری (4/1کیلوگرم برمترمکعب آب)، پیشتاز همرا با پیشگام و حیدری (3/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب آب) بخود اختصاص دادند. براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می توان چنین اظهار داشت که با افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی گندم از طریق کشت مخلوط ارقام دوگانه پیشتاز و حیدری و کشت سه گانه پیشتاز همرا با حیدری و فلات بعنوان یک گزینه‌ جهت بهبود بهره-وری مصرف آب و نیتروژن و جلوگیری از آلودگی‌های زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف بی رویه کودهای شیمیایی به کشاورزان توصیه نمود.

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