ارزیابی روند مقاومت یولاف وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) به علف‌کش‌هایی از بازدارنده‌های استیل‌کوآنزیم‌آکربوکسیلاز در مزارع گندم استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی داشگاه فردوسی مشهد. ایران

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، بخش تحقیقات علف های هرز

4 دانشگاه فردوسی. مشهد.ایران

چکیده

یولاف‌وحشی ‌زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) یکی از مهمترین علف‌های هرز مزارع گندم است. در این مطالعه به‌منظور پی‌جویی مقاومت، جمعیت‌های یولاف‌وحشی‌ زمستانه مشکوک به مقاومت که از مزارع گندم سه شهرستان مرودشت، استهبان و سپیدان در استان فارس جمع‌آوری‌شده بود، همراه با یک جمعیت حساس با استفاده از 8 علف‌کش از گروه بازدارندۀ استیل‌کوآنزیم‌‌آ‌کربوکسیلاز غربال شدند. درجه مقاومت جمعیت‌های مقاوم به علف‌کش‌ کلودینافوپ‌پروپارژیل در آزمایش دُز-پاسخ با کاربرد نه دُز ارزیابی شد. در این آزمایش‌ها، وزن تر تک‌بوته و تعداد گیاهان زنده‌مانده چهارهفته پس از سمپاشی نسبت به شاهد بررسی شد. همچنین 7 جهش القاکننده مقاومت به بازدارندگان ACCase به روش dCaps روی توده‌های مقاوم بررسی شد. نتایج این آزمایش‌ها با مطالعات مقاومتی پیشین این مزارع مقایسه شد تا روند بهتری از بروز مقاومت بررسی شود. نتایج نشان داد که همه جمعیت‌های مورد بررسی به علف‌کش‌های دیکلوفوپ‌متیل، فنوکساپروپ‌پی‌اتیل و کلودینافوپ‌پروپارژیل مقاوم بودند. از این میان، مقاومت عرضی به علف‌کش‌های سیکلوکسیدیم و ستوکسیدیم در جمعیت‌های M1، M2 و M4 و به علف‌کش پینوکسادن در جمعیت‌های M1 و M2 از مرودشت نیز تأیید شد. بیشترین سطح مقاومت برای جمعیت‌های ES2 و ES4 بیش از 10 برابر دُز توصیه‌شده برای علف‌کش کلودینافوپ‌پروپارژیل محاسبه و وجود جهش در نقاط 1781، 2041 و 2027 در آنزیم ACCase در برخی از جمعیت‌های‌مقاوم تأیید شد. بررسی روند مقاومت، گسترش طیف مقاومت عرضی به سه خانواده فوپ، دیم و دن و افزایش درجات آن را نشان داد. نتایج این مطالعه، نیاز به استراتژی بلندمدت مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز در مزارع گندم استان فارس را تأیید می‌کند.

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