اثر کاربرد کود دامی و کود سبز بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرایط ارگانیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

3 گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

برای ارزیابی اثر کاربرد کود دامی و سبز بر ویژگی‌های عملکرد کمی و کیفی کنجد آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی کشاورزی ارگانیک دانشگاه رازی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کود دامی (صفر (FM0)، 10 (FM10) و 20 (FM20) تن در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و کود سبز (عدم کاربرد کود سبز، کشت شنبلیله، شبدر برسیم و ماشک گل خوشه‌ای) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان دهنده تأثیر مثبت کودهای دامی و سبز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد و عدم تأثیر آن‌ها بر محتوای روغن دانه بود. در تیمارهای FM10 و FM20 نسبت به FM0 به‌ترتیب تعداد شاخه در بوته حدود 20 و 21 درصد، کپسول در بوته 11 و 31 درصد، وزن هزار دانه 4 و 5 درصد، وزن خشک کل 25 و 34 درصد و عملکرد دانه 19 و 38 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد کود سبز نیز سبب بهبود عملکرد شد، اما اختلاف بین گونه‌های مختلف کود سبز معنی‌دار نبود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1929 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف 20 تن کود دامی در هکتار و کاربرد کود سبز شنبلیله و کمترین آن (918 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط شاهد به دست آمد. نتایج مشخص کرد استفاده از کود دامی و انتخاب گونه مناسب کود سبز با تأمین ترکیب متعادلی از عناصر غذایی، راهکار مناسبی برای بهبود رشد و تولید کنجد است، بنابراین امکان تولید پایدار این گیاه در سیستم‌های کشاورزی کم نهاده وجود دارد.

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