تأثیر کم آبیاری در مرحله زایشی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن ارقام گلرنگ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بیرجند به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح دور آبیاری در مرحله زایشی (7، 14 و 21 روز) و عامل فرعی شامل سه رقم (گلدشت، پدیده و KWS) بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد غوزه در بوته، تعداد دانه در غوزه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد روغن بودند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دور آبیاری از 7 به 14 روز تفاوت معنی‌داری در صفات مورد مطالعه ایجاد نکرد، اما افزایش دور آبیاری از 7 به 21 روز باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در غوزه (5/22 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (41/12 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (78/7 درصد)، عملکرد زیستی (41/11 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (25/19 درصد) شد. تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه (به‌جز تعداد دانه در غوزه) تحت تأثیر رقم قرار گرفتند. بیشترین درصد روغن به‌طور مشترک متعلق به ارقام KWS (33 درصد) و پدیده (7/30 درصد) بود. ارقام گلدشت و KWS به‌طور مشترک بیشترین عملکرد دانه (به ترتیب 1868 و 1768 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (به ترتیب 2/521 و 4/583 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشتند. همچنین در بین اجزای عملکرد، وزن هزار دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه داشت. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، جهت صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب دور آبیاری 14 روز در مرحله زایشی گلرنگ و ارقام گلدشت و KWS مناسب منطقه بیرجند تشخیص داده شد.

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