اثر تاریخ های مختلف کاشت بر خصوصیات رشدی، عملکرد و پروتئین دانه سه رقم گندم در کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی واکنش سه رقم رایج گندم در منطقه کرمان به تاریخ های مختلف کاشت آزمایشی به صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان طی دو سال زراعی 95-93 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تاریخ های کاشت ( 30 مهر، 15 آبان و اول آذر) به عنوان عامل اصلی و ارقام گندم امید (دیررس)، ارگ (میان رس) و میهن (زودرس) به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‏ها نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت تاثیر معنی داری بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، طول دوره رشد، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک داشت. وزن هزار دانه، شاخص سطح برگ، شاخص برداشت و درصد پروتئین دانه تحت تاثیر تاریخ کاشت قرار نگرفت. بالاترین ارتفاع بوته (112 سانتیمتر) و طول دوره رشد (206 روز)در تاریخ کاشت اول (30 مهر) بدست آمد. کشت گندم در 15 آبان بیشترین تعداد دانه در سنبله (71/32)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (45/14 تن در هکتار) و دانه (16/5 تن در هکتار) را تولید کرقام میان رس ارگ (3/4 تن در هکتار) و زودرس میهن (27/6 تن در هکتار) در تاریخ کاشت دوم (15 آبان) بدست آمد. کمترین عملکرد دانه هر سه رقم در تاریخ کاشت سوم (1 آذر) حاصل شد. میزان پروتئین دانه از 11/10 تا 70/11 درصد متفاوت بود که بیشترین میزان در رقم امید کشت شده در اول آذر حاصل شد. بطورکلی، بهترین تاریخ کاشت برای رقم امید 30 مهر و برای ارقام ارگ و میهن 15 آبان تعیین شد.

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