ارزیابی تغییرپذیری مکانی برخی از خصوصیات شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک در شالیزار های دشت فومنات با استفاده از زمین آمار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشگاه گیلان

4 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمایی خاک 45 شالیزار دشت فومنات، در دو سال زراعی 92-1391 و 93-1392 اجرا شد.پس از تهیه نمونه‌های خاک از مزارع کشاورزان، مختصات جغرافیایی نمونه‌ها ثبت و ویژگی‌هایی از قبیل هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، ماده آلی، اسیدیته، رس، سیلت و شن خاک اندازه-گیری شدند. درون‌یابی ویژگی‌های خاک با دو روش کریجینگ و وزن‌دهی عکس فاصله (با پارامتر نمایی یک تا پنج) انجام و بهترین تخمینگر با استفاده از سه معیار میانگین قدر مطلق خطا، میانگین خطای انحراف و مجذور مجموع مربعات باقیمانده انتخاب شد.با توجه به سمی واروگرام های محاسبه شده، ویژگی‌های هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، اسیدیته و سیلت از مدل نمایی، ویژگی ماده آلی و شن از مدل کروی و درصد رس از مدل گوسی پیروی نمود. مقادیر ضریب تبیین بالا در شن، رس و هدایت الکتریکی به‌ترتیب برابر با 0/95، 0/83و 0/80 مشاهده شد. ویژگی‌های ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، ماده آلی، اسیدیته، رس و سیلت خاک دارای پیوستگی مکانی متوسط و تنها دو ویژگی هدایت الکتریکی و شن دارای پیوستگی مکانی قوی بودند. در این پژوهش،روش وزن‌دهی عکس فاصله در مقایسه با کریجینگ در ویژگی‌های ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، ماده آلی، اسیدیته و سیلت دارای دقت بیشتر و خطای کمتری بود.از طرفی، اختلاف زیادی بین دو روش وزن‌دهی عکس فاصله و کریجینگ در ویژگی‌های هدایت الکتریکی، رس و شن مشاهده نشد. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند برای ارزیابی مکانی شالیزار‌های دشت فومنات در جهت انتخاب ارقام مناسب، مدیریت مناسب کودی و بهینه‌سازی عملکرد برنج استفاده شود.

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