ارزیابی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به‌موقع و دیرهنگام..

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان- گرگان- ایران

چکیده

افزایش عملکرد در گندم مستلزم شناخت روش‌های مدیریتی مناسب است. از جمله مهم‌ترین آنها معرفی ارقام جدید و تاریخ کاشت مناسب می‌باشد. به منظور مطالعه واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم نان نسبت به دو تاریخ کاشت به موقع و دیرهنگام آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان در سال زراعی 1394-1395 انجام شد. این بررسی در دو آزمایش جداگانه انجام شد. هر آزمایش در سه تکرار شامل نه ژنوتیپ گندم بود. آزمایش اول در تاریخ 15 آذر (به موقع) و آزمایش دوم 15دی (دیرهنگام) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر روی ارتفاع بوته، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثرات متقابل تاریخ کاشت × ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار گردید. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دما در کشت‌های دیرهنگام باعث کاهش روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه می‌گردد. بررسی عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌ها نشان داد که همه ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی در هر دو تاریخ کاشت از نظر عملکرد دانه بالاتر و یا هم‌ردیف (در یک گروه آماری) با رقم شاهد (گنبد) قرار گرفتند و می‌توانند جهت معرفی به کشاورزان و افزایش تنوع در ارقام مورد بهره‌برداری قرار گیرند.

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