The effects of planting date and location on some agronomic characteristics and yield of sesame genotypes tolerant to non-dehiscent

Abstract
Introduction: One of the important problems of sesame cultivation is the opening of the capsules and the falling of its seeds during the ripening of this crop. The lack of access to genotypes that are tolerant and resistant to non-dehiscent is one of the important factors limiting the development of sesame cultivation in Iran (Peyghamzadeh et al., 2022). The proper planting date makes optimal use of the plant from climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, day length, and also matching the flowering time with the proper temperature. Determining the appropriate planting date means determining the time when the vegetative and reproductive growth can be coordinated with climatic factors (Khan et al., 2017). In order to determine the suitable sowing date of sesame and its effect on growth characteristics, this study was carried out in two regions of Golestan province.
Materials & Methods: In order to determine the suitable sowing date of sesame, a split plots experiment as randomized complete blocks design with three replications was carried out in two regions of Golestan province )Gorgan and Gonbad Kavous( in 2022. Sowing date was considered as main factor (June 5 and July 1) and genotype was considered as sub factor (KARA0, KARA24 and KARA42). Agronomical operations, including weed control and irrigation were carried out regularly during the growing season. During the growing season, phenological traits of physiological maturity period, agricultural and growth traits (plant height, number of sub-branches, and capsule height) and traits related to yield components (number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield) were evaluated.
Results & Discussion: The results of analysis of variance showed that planting date treatment had significant effect on traits except plant height and encapsulation height. Also, genotype treatment had significant differences in terms of growth traits. Gorgan location was placed in the first group in terms of plant height, number of seeds per capsule and grain yield per hectare compared to Gonbad Kavous location. The results of the comparison of the interaction of the three treatments of location, planting date and genotype showed that the highest grain yield related to the date of June 5 in Gorgan location in two genotypes KARA24 and KARA42 with 2,300 and 2,299 kg/ha، respectively.
Conclusion: The results obtained in regions of Gorgan and Gonbad Kavous showed that the studied genotypes had higher grain yield in Gorgan location, both on the planting dates of June 5 and July 1, compared to the Gonbad Kavous location.
Key words: Genotype, grain yeild, growth characteristics, sesame, sowing date.
References:
Khan, A., Najeeb, U., Wang, L., Tan, K., Yang, G., Munsif, F. and Hafeez, A. 2017. Planting density and sowing date strongly influence growth and lint yield of cotton crops. Field Crops Research, 209: 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.019
Peyghamzadeh, K., Faraji, A., Kiani, A., Razaghi, M. H., Sadeghnejad, H. R., Younesabadi, M., Haghighi, A., Kia, Sh., Sharifi, M., Shamali, S., Salahi Farahi, M., Ghazaian, M., Pahlavanrad, M. R. 2022. A comprehensive guide to planting, growing and harvesting sesame in Golestan province. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. 104 p.