Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Assistant Professor Maragheh Rainfed Agricultural Research Institute, Iran
2
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
3
Faculty member of the Agriculture Research Center of North Khorasan
4
Assistant Professor of Cereal Research Department, Rainfed Agricultural Research Institute, Sararoud, Kermanshah, Iran
5
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricalture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan.
6
Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
7
Crop and Horticultural Science Research department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran
8
Assistant of Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Rainfed barley is mainly cultivated in cold and cold temperate areas of Iran, and a large part of the barley cultivation area is facing the problem of lack of precipitation and lack of proper distribution. The cold is one of the main limiting factors in barley production in drylands of cold regions of the country, which prevents it from increasing its cultivation area. Considering that different cultivars show different reactions to environmental conditions, therefore, evaluation of cultivars' reactions in exposure to environmental changes is an important issue in selecting breeding cultivars. Genotype × environment interaction is the main reason for the differences in the adaptation of cultivars in different environments (Clevland, 2001). The various methods used to investigate the interaction can be traced back to AMMI and GGE biplot (Khamari et al., 2018). The AMMI analysis identifies genotypes and environments about each other and the studied environments by locating genotypes and environments on the biplot. In the GGE biplot method, the effects of genotype and genotype interaction × environment are graphically investigated; Also, genotypes can be evaluated based on yield in separate environments, all environments, stability and yield composition, and private and general adaptation. (Yan & Tinker, 2005). This study aimed to analyze the interaction of genotype × environment in barley genotypes using multivariate methods to evaluate genotypes, environments, relationships between genotypes and environments, and also to determine stable genotypes in terms of yield.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 12 promising barley genotypes along with 3 cultivars of control Ansar, Abidar, and Sararud1 were studied in rainfed conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications in dryland research stations in cold and temperate cold regions of Iran for three years (2018 to 1420). After determining grain yield composite analysis of variance was performed. AMMI and GGE biplot analysis were used to evaluate the stability of genotypes. After performing AMMI analysis, stability analysis parameters and simultaneous selection indices were calculated.
Result and Discussion: Combined analysis of variance showed that simple and interaction effects were significant at a 1% probability level. This was the reason for the difference in environmental conditions in the stations and the years under test. The main environmental effect and genotype × interaction had the highest share of total squares observed in the experiments with 83.7% and 8.2%, respectively. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes G14, G10, and G9 had low interaction and with a near-average yield could be introduced as genotypes with general adaptation. In contrast, G1, G2, G4, and G13 genotypes with the highest yield were introduced as genotypes with private adaptation. Based on stability indices based on AMMI analysis and simultaneous selection index in a total of the calculated parameters, genotypes G1, G11, G2, G13, and G3 have the lowest total and can be selected as stable genotypes with high yield. Selection of control genotypes G1, G2, and G3 in this method shows the accuracy of the calculations and estimations. Based on the GGE biplot method, the G9 genotype had the highest general stability and in the next stage, G11, G2, G4, G1, and G13 had the highest yield with relatively low stability. This method introduced genotypes G9, G2, and G11 as compatible genotypes. These genotypes were introduced as desirable genotypes with high mean yield and high yield stability. In the next step, genotypes G1, G3, and G13 were included. According to the results of two analyses, genotype G9 can be introduced as the most stable genotype, and genotypes G1, G11, G2, G13, and G3 as genotypes with high adaptability and yield.
Conclusion: Considering that a lot of time and money is spent on cultivar breeding, this process requires that the best method be used to analyze the stability and adaptation of cultivars to select the high-yield genotypes with the least interaction with the environment and if there is a specific adaptation, certain genotypes are introduced for specific regions. Therefore, due to the multiplicity of stability analysis methods, it is better to examine the results of experiments by several methods to be more confident about identifying and introducing superior genotypes and just doing one particular method does not seem reasonable.
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