Effect of nitrogen and wheat mulch on weeds control, yield and essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi L. in different planting dates

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. graduate of Weed Identification and Control, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Fars, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Agronomy Department, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Fars, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Early planting of Apiaceae plants caused the plants to dry due to long-term exposure to cold and root frostbite (Khorramdel et al., 2013). Different planting operations and weed management significantly affect the amount of active ingredients of medicinal plants (Saydi et al., 2016). Despite the studies conducted on the positive effects of using nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and essential oil of Ajowan plant, no study has been done on the combination of nitrogen and wheat mulch, and their combination in different planting dates can be effective in controlling weeds. Therefore, increase the competitive power of Ajowan and its effect on grain yield and its essential oil has been one of the important goals of this research.
Materials & Methods
This experiment was conducted factorially in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The first factor of experiment included three different planting dates (Feb 1st, Mar 1st and Apr 1st) and the second factor included six combinations (100 kg of urea fertilizer, 100 kg of urea fertilizer + mulch, 50 kg of urea fertilizer, 50 kg of urea fertilizer + mulch, mulch and control). The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2023 as a farm in Shiraz. The Ajowan seeds was obtained from Pars Exir Company. Physiological traits were measured at the full flowering stage of Ajowan plants and yield traits were measured at the end of the growth period. Physiological traits included the content of relative humidity of water and chlorophylls of leaves. Yield and yield components (including number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel and weight of 1000 seeds) were measured. The harvest index was obtained by dividing the grain yield by the biological yield (dry weight of aerial parts + grain yield).
Results & Discussion
Planting date and fertilizer compounds affected the density and dry weight of weeds. The highest density and dry weight of weeds were obtained on the planting date of Apr 1st. (10.22 plant and 32.06 g/m-2). The delay in planting caused a decrease of 4.21% in the relative water content of leaves. The planting date of Feb 1st and consumption of 100 kg of urea fertilizer increased the chlorophyllab content (43.66%). The change in planting date due to the change in day length, temperature and relative humidity has a significant effect on the growth and development and photosynthetic indices during the growing season (Khorramdel et al., 2013). The number of umbels in the plants was showed a significant increase of 13.4% on the planting date of Feb 1st. On the other hand, the highest number of umbels was observed in Ajowan plant in the treatment of 100 kg of urea fertilizer with or without mulch (28.3 and 27.2). The percentage of grain essential oil was not affected by the interaction of the experimental factors, but it showed a significant increase on the planting dates of Apr 1st and Mar 1st. On the other hand, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the treatment of 100 kg/ha and 50 kg/ha of urea fertilizer (2.55 and 2.70%), which showed a significant increase compared to the control (0.3% and 0.45% respectively). Although the delay in planting caused a decrease in growth and yield (22.97%), it caused a significant increase in the amount of essential oil of Ajowan (12.93%).
Conclusion
The use of urea fertilizer alone or together with wheat mulch was effective in increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments and thus increasing yield and yield components. It seems that in different planting dates, the use of wheat mulch by increasing the relative content of leaf water has an effect on improving growth indicators. Also, the use of 100 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch increased grain yield, but did not have much effect on essential oil. The treatment of 50 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch at a lower level has been able to improve grain yield. In total, it is recommended to use 100 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare in combination with wheat mulch for planting Ajowan plants.

Keywords

References

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Applied Field Crops Research
Volume 35, Issue 4 - Serial Number 137
papers
February 2024
Pages 133-110

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