Evaluation of Relationship Between Yield and Agronomic Traits in Some Sesame Genotypes Using Factor Analysis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Persian Gulf University. Faculty of Agriculture

2 Persian Gulf University Bushehr

3 Persian Gulf University. Faculty of Agricullture

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual plant belonging to the Pedaliaceae family with a long agricultural history, which is mostly grown as an oil crop in tropical regions and is resistant to drought stress. This Crop is grown in Iran on an area of about 42,000 hectares with an average yield of 690 kg per hectare. The knowledge of the relationship between crop traits and performance is of great importance in agronomic research. Selecting the desired cultivars and determining the cause and effect relationships between traits allows the breeder to select the most appropriate plant traits to increase yield.
Materials and Methods: In this experiment, 12 sesame genotypes including commercial, local cultivars and line were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, located eight kilometers southeast of Barazjan city. The agricultural climate of the region has very hot, dry and long summers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Principal Components Analysis and Factors Analysis were used for reduction of data dimensions and better and easier interpretation of data and determination of hidden factors affecting performance.
Results: All studied traits were statistically different. The highest amount of 1000 seed weight belongs to Behbahan (3.4 gr), Abadan (3.36 gr) and Dashtestan 2 (3.3 gr) landraces. The highest number of seeds per capsule, Plant height, number of branches and number of fertile branches were observed in Abadan, Dashtestan 5, Dashtestan 2 and (Barazjan and Abadan) genotypes, respectively. Abpakhsh, Ardakan Yazd, Barazjan and Dashtestan 5 landraces had a number of days to maturity than the others. This trait had high heritability and low genetic advances. In order to reduce the dimensions of the data, better and easier interpretation of them and to determine the hidden factors, Factor Analysis was done with varimax rotation. Three factors were extracted. According to the amount of influential traits in each factor, the first, and second factors were named yield potential and morphologic, phenology factors, respectively. In general, it can be concluded from the results that the yield and phonological traits can be important indicators for the evaluation and selection of sesame cultivars. According the Principal Components Analysis based on the correlation matrix ,76% of the total variations were estimated by three main components. As a result, it can be said that the selection based on the first component will lead to the genotypes with high yield, and the selection based on the second component will lead to the genotypes with late maturity characteristics. In order to determine the grouping of genotypes, cluster analysis was used and based on the three indices RMSSTD, False T2 and False F, four distinct groups were recognized. The results of cluster analysis did not show any relationship between the geographic and genetic distribution of genotypes.
Conclusion: The results showed that the studied genotypes were different according the studied traits. Because selection of genotypes with high yield is considered important in plant breeding programs, genetic parameters were calculated. The high level of genetic improvement and heritability for the traits number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield, number of fertile branches and harvest index indicate the possibility of selection with an intensity of 5% in the next generation of selection. The results of Factor Analysis indicated the importance of yield and phenology traits in the selection of desirable genotypes in sesame.

Keywords

References

       Abate, M., Mekbib, F., Ayana, A., and Nigussie, M. 2015. Genetic variability and association of traits in mid-altitude sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm of Ethiopia. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 9(3), pp.1-14.
Afroozi, S., Esfandyaripoor, E., Hatami, F., Ebadzadeh, H., Taghani, R., and Ahmadi, K. 2021. Agricultural statistics. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. 92 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Akbar, F., Rabbani, M. A., Shinwari, Z. K., and Khan, S. J. 2011. Genetic divergence in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces based on qualitative and quantitative traits. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(6), 2737-2744.
 Afzali Mohammadabadi, M., Rezaei, A. A., Saidi, Q. A., and Naseh Ghafouri, A. 2009. Evaluation of performance and its components in sesame cultivars. Iranian First National Oilseeds Conference, 105-107. (In Persian with English summary).
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300(9), p.D05109.
Baraki, F., Tsehaye, Y., and Abay, F. 2015. Grain yield based cluster analysis and correlation of agronomic traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes in ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5 (9), 2244-3186.
Baraki, F., Gebregergis, Z., Belay, Y., Berhe, M., Teame, G., Hassen, M., Gebremedhin, Z., Abadi, A., Negash, W., Atsbeha, A., and Araya, G. 2020. Multivariate analysis for yield and yield-related traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Heliyon, 6(10).
De Sousa Araújo, E., Arriel, N.H.C., dos Santos, R.C., and de Lima, L.M. 2019. Assessment of genetic variability in sesame accessions using SSR markers and morpho-agronomic traits. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 13(1), pp.45-54.
Durge, B.D., Geethanjali, S., and Sasikala, R. 2022. Assessment of genetic variability for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) based on multivariate analysis. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 13(3), pp.974-982.
Gadri, Y., Williams, L.E., and Peleg, Z. 2020. Tradeoffs between yield components promote crop stability in sesame. Plant Science, 295, p.110105.
Gitti, F., Maleki, A., and power, G. 2013. The possibility of compatibility of sesame cultivars and their performance comparison in North Khuzestan. National Conference of Applied Researches in Agricultural Sciences, 7-1. (In Persian with English summary).
Jahanfar, V., Mostafavi, K.H., and Bi-Hamta, M. R. 2014. Studying the relationship between yield and yield components in sesame using decomposition into factors. The first national conference on passive defense in the fields of agriculture, natural resources and environment with a sustainable development approach, Tehran, Center for Sustainable Development Solutions, 4 pages. (In Persian with English summary).
IBPGR. 1981. DESCRIPTORS for SESAME. IBPGR Secretariat. Rome.
Ibrahim, A. R., Adamou, M., Moussa, D., and Moussa, B. 2015. Dissecting genotype by environment interactions in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes form Niger. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3 (5), 202-205.
Iqbal, A., Pati, P.K., Akhtar, R., Begum, T., and Dasgupta, T. 2018. Diversity in sesame accessions. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 11(5), pp.725-731.
Javadi, S.S., Valizadeh, M., Imani, A., and Gharib Eshghi, A. 2013. Evaluation of relationship between grain yield and yield components in sesame genotypes. International Journal of Farming and Allied Science, 2 (16), 549-552.
Khairnar, S. S., and Monpara, B. A. 2013. Identification of potential traits and selection criteria for yield improvement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2 (2), 1-8.
Lzak, B., and .Caligari, P. 2013. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. Springer Netherlands. 347 pp.
Miao, H., Langham, D.R., and Zhang, H. 2021. Botanical Descriptions of Sesame. The Sesame Genome, pp.19-57.
Mam, C.E., Ngonkeu, E.L.M., Toukam, G.M.S., Mongoue, A.F., Tekeu, H., Tsimi, P.M., Boyomo, B., Damdjo, A.T., Kamko, J.D., Arlette, F.O.K.O., and Chamedjeu, R.R. 2022. Factor analysis of morphological characters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines evaluated in low altitude conditions of the bimodal humid forest zone of Cameroon. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 14(3), pp.47-58.
Menzir, A. 2012. Phenotypic variability, divergence analysis and heritability of characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Nature and Science, 10(10), 117-126.
Mohamed, N.E., and Bedawy, I.M.A., 2019. Comparative and multivariate analysis of genetic diversity of three sesame populations based on phenotypic traits. Egyptian Journal of Plant Breeding, 23(2), pp.369-386.
Masoudi, B., and Ahmadi, M. 2019. Evaluation of genetic diversity of agronomic and morphological traits of sesame genotypes. Journal of Crop Breeding. 11 (31), 78-91.
Mostafavi, M., Nasiri Mahalati, M., and Kochaki, A. 2017. Regression analysis and path analysis of relationships between seed yield and the most important components of sesame yield. Two Quarterly Journal of Plant Production Technology 10 (2), 156-145
Naghdipour, A., Khodarahmi, M., Porshahbazi, A., and Ismailzadeh, M. 2018. Decomposition into factors for grain yield and other characteristics of durum wheat. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 7(1), 84-96.
Nasiri, F., and Saidi, Q. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity in breeding lines obtained from local sesame stands (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 10 (4), 659-666.
Nizami, A., Fazli Kakhki, F., Zarkani, H., Shabahang, J., and Gandamzadeh, M. 2013. Preliminary investigation of the yield and yield components of some ecotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) common in Khorasan province. Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 12 (2), 189-195.
Patil, M.K., and Lokesha, R. 2018. Estimation of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlations and path analysis in advanced mutant breeding lines of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products , 4, pp.1-5.
Ram, J. 2005. Genetic resource, chromosome engineering and crop improvement. Taylor and Francis Publication, 231 pp.
Ramezani, S. H., and Mansouri, S. 2016. Investigating relationships between quantitative traits in advanced sesame lines. Journal of Crop breeding, 9 (23), 58-66. (In Persian with English summary).
SAS Institute. 2010. Base SAS 9.2. Procedures Guide. Statistical Procedures, 3 Edition SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
Senapati, B.K., and Sarkar, G., 2005. Genetic divergence in tall indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rainfed saline soil of Sundarban. Oryza, 42(1), pp.70-72.
Sharifi, P. 2020. Application of Multivariate Analysis Methods in Agriculural Sciences. Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Press, Rasht, IR (In Persian).
Sharifi, P., Astereki, H., and Pouresmael, M. 2018. Evaluation of variations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield and yield components by multivariate technique. Annals of Agrarian Science, 16(2), pp.136-142.
Shapiro, S.S., and Milk, M.B. 1965. An Analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometry, 52:591-611.
Singh, D.P., and Singh, A. 2021. Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development. Elsevier Science. 662 pp.
Singh, T.P., Raiger, H.L. Kumari Singh, J., and Deshmukh, P.S. 2014. Evaluation of Chickpea genotypes for variability in seed protein content and yield components under restricted soil moisture condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19: 273-280.
Systat. 2014. Systat 13 Statistical Software. University of Illinois Press, Chicago, USA
 Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of Agriculture for the Iranian year 1400 (2021-2022). 95 pp
Tesfaye, T., Tesfaye, K., Keneni, G., and Alemu, T. 2021. Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Ethiopian sesame genotypes. African Crop Science Journal, 29(1), pp.59-76.
Tripathi, A., Bisen, R., Ahirwal, R. P., Paroha, S., Sahu, R., and Ranganatha, A.R. 2014. Study on genetic in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm based on morphological and quality traits. The Bioscan, 8(4), 1387–1391. Retrieved from www.thebioscan.in/Journal Supplement/84Sup08 R BISEN_2467.
Yol, E., Karaman, E., Furat, S., and Uzun, B. 2010. Assessment of selection criteria in sesame by using correlation coefficients, path and factor analyses Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4 (8), 598-602.
Zarghani, H., Mohammadian, M., Rizvani-Moghadam, P., and Yang, A. 2013. Evaluation of yield and yield components in mixtures of three types of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Iranian Agricultural Research, 11 (2), 268-274.
Applied Field Crops Research
Volume 35, Issue 3 - Serial Number 136
papers
September 2022
Pages 109-88

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics