Effect of seed planting and seedlings transplanting methods on agronomic traits of winter Oilseed rape under different times of transplanting in Karaj

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty member Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

2 Faculty member of Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Faculty member of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

4 Ph.D Agronomy, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

5 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a traditional oil crop in Iran. Conventional oilseed rape production during the past decades has been performed through manual sowing, transplanting, and harvesting. In cold and temperate regions of the Iran, due to delays in harvesting the previous crop, it is not possible to planting oilseed rape seeds directly. Delayed planting of oilseed rape can reduce grain yield. Therefore, oilseed rape seedling transplanting can be one of the appropriate solutions. On the other hand, seedling quality is an essential indicator for grain yield in oilseed rape, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. In addition, the time of seedling transplanting is also very important. Therefore, transplanting is also more advantageous than direct sowing in terms of time management. Although there are many benefits of transplanting in oilseed rape production systems, the optimal age of oilseed rape seedling for transplanting remains unknown. Furthermore, inappropriate seedling age is always misleading in terms of whether older or younger seedlings are employed for transplanting in practice. Thus, it necessitates seeking an optimal seedling age and evaluating its effect on grain yield.
Materials and Methods:
Two field experiments was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing season. There 7 treatments including seed planting on 7 October (control), transplanting of two-leaf seedlings and four-leaf seedlings on 17 October, 1 November and 11 November. The genotype used in this study was Ahmadi as a winter cultivar. The measured traits included days to flowering, flowering period, growth period, plant height, number of branches, grain per silique, silique per plant, silique length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. SAS statistical software was used for data analysis and means were compared with LSD test.
Results and Discussion:
The results of variance analysis indicated that days to flowering, flowering period, silique per plant and grain yield (P≤0.05) and grain per silique (P≤0.01) was significantly affected by the seedling and seed planting treatments. Results of this study showed that in two-leaf seedling transplanting treatments at different times of seedling transplanting, delay in flowering was observed, but the duration of flowering period was shorter in these treatments. Also, in the transplanting treatments at the two-leaf seedling, silique per plant and grain per silique were less than them in other treatments. The highest grain yield and net income observed in seed planting treatment (3495 kg ha-1 and 61.1 Iranian million rials ha-1). Higher grain yield components such as silique per plant and grain per silique due to early flowering caused higher grain yield in seed planting treatment. In contrast, grain yield was lower in transplanting treatments compared to seed planting method. However, among the transplanting treatments, the highest grain yield was observed in the four-leaf seedling transplanting on 17 October as 3332 kg ha-1.
Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that transplanting of winter oilseed rape cultivar is not suitable in the two-leaf seedling stage and winter oilseed rape seedling should have at least four-leaf stage. In general, it seems that the late transplanting of oilseed rape seedlings to the farm in semi cold regions will significantly reduce grain yield compared to oilseed rape seed planting method.

Keywords

References

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Applied Field Crops Research
Volume 35, Issue 1 - Serial Number 134
papers
August 2022
Pages 34-16

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