Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on shoot accumulation of micronutrient elements in Keras Sabalan and Saji wheat cultivars under dryland conditions

Introductions: Bacteria are common inhabitants of the rhizosphere or as endophytes in internal plant tissues. The function of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in agriculture has been well documented, including enhancements in growth, yield and disease-resistance of crops (Young et al., 2013). The ability of a few soil microorganisms to convert insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible form is an important trait in plant growth-promoting bacteria for increasing plant yields. The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases the P uptake by plants (Chen et al., 2006). Mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis is widely believed that it protects host plants from detrimental effects of drought. Possible mechanisms for improving drought resistance of the mycorrhizal plants could be due to an increased in root hydraulic, enhanced water uptake at low soil moisture levels as a result of extraradical hyphae, osmotic adjustment which promotes turgor maintenance even at low tissue water potential, proline and carbohydrate accumulation, and increased nutritional status in mycorrhizal plants. The intra-radical mycelium of these soil fungi proliferates in root cortex of the host plant. Extraradical AM hyphae spread in the soil around the root and provide a surface area by which the AM fungus absorbs nutritional elements “such as P, N, Zn, Cu and transports and transfers them to the host plant (Asrar & Elhindi, 2011). The objective of the present study was to Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on accumulation of shoots micro nutrient elements wheat in dryland conditions.
Materiala and methods: In order to study the effect phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Mycorrhiza fungi (GM) on accumulation of shoots nutrient elements wheat in dryland conditions, an experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University and Sarableh Agricultural and Research, Recources Center during 2013-2014 cropping season. Experiment factors consisted of two dry land wheat cultivars (Keras Sablan and Saji) and fertilizer sources treatment including of 1- without application of phosphorious chemical fertilizer, 2- 50 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 3- pseudomonas putida (PSB), 4- Glomus mosseae (GM), 5-PSB+GM, 6-PSB+GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 7- PSB+ 25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer and 8- GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer. The data were analyzed statistically by SAS program and the data means were compared by LSD test.
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that interaction effect between cultivar× fertilizer sources had significant effect on accumulation of nutrients elements in shoots in dryland wheat. In two dryland wheat cultivars under dryland conditions using of PSB and GM caused incearsing Zn, Mn, Feand Mg, at tillering stage, leaf, stem and spike in wheat, so that the highest Zn at tillering stage (13.9 mg.kg-1), leaf (11mg.kg-1), stem (15.6 mg.kg-1) and spike (24.09 mg.kg-1), Mn at tillering stage (238.5 mg.kg-1), leaf (56.1 mg.kg-1), stem (6.2 mg.kg-1) and spike (16.5 mg.kg-1), Fe at tillering stage (2.5 mg.kg-1), leaf (163.5 mg.kg-1), stem (35.7 mg.kg-1) and spike (90.2 mg.kg-1) and Mg at tillering stage (0.3% .) and leaf (0.26%) obtained from Saji cultivar×GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer. The lowest accumulation of nutrients elements in shoots belonged to Keras Sabalan×check treatment. Therefore, results indicated PSB abd GM had positive effect on mcro elements in wheat under dryland conditions. There was significant different between cultivars to response of using of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, so that Sji cultivars had the best response to mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore with regard to cultivation of wheat is facing to drought and heat stress, indicated that Saji cultivar and using of mycorrhizal fungi can be the best result under dry land conditions.
Conclusion: In this study indicated PSB and GM had positive affect on accumulation of shoots micronutrient elements in wheat dryland conditions, so that root traits and grain yield had the better status in presence of inoculation with GM. In fact PSB and GM could alleviate the partial of grain yield in presence of dry land farming by increasing micronutrient elements.