The Study of response of some sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars to water deficit irrigation and rhizomania disease under field conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Sugar Beet seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Sugar Beet seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Water deficit and Rhizomania disease are two major obstacles in reducing yields in the sugar beet fields of Iran. Each year, various commercial varieties which have different kinds of resistance to disease, especially Rhizomania, are distributed to the sugar beet growers. Due to complexity of drought tolerance, development of drought tolerant varieties takes time and the progress is very slowly, so the introduction and use of high yielding varieties among these current varieties under less water conditions can be effective in reducing water consumption. In order to reach this goal, the reaction of 30 commercial varieties to low irrigation and Rhizomania reaction, was investigated in 2016 and 2017 in non-infected (Karaj) and infected (Mashhad and Miandoab) fields using a randomized complete block design. The irrigation method was furrow and irrigation periods, after two initial water for germination, was based on evaporation of 180 mm from the class A evaporation pan. Color, wilting and leaf senescence scores were evaluated in the middle of the growth season as well as the severity of disease to Rhizomania at harvest time. Root yield and sugar content were analyzed at harvest time. Water use efficiency (WUE) and superiority index (Pi) were calculated and evaluated. In these experiments, about 30% of water consumption decreased compared to control farms (irrigation based on evaporation of 80 mm from the class A evaporation pan.) .Aanalysis of variance showed that variety effect on sugar yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was significant (P˂ 0.01). It was confirmed that, in sugar beet, variety differences for water use efficiency are mainly due to differences in potential yield. The results showed that the ranking of the varieties differed in terms of the amount of sugar yield in infected conditions with non-infected conditions. In case of infection, the leaf color score and the severity index of the disease with sugar yield had a significant positive (R2= 0.44) and negative (R2= 0.39) correlation (P˂ 0.01), respectively. In non-infected conditions, the wilting and senescence score had a negative and significant correlation with sugar yield (r= -0.45* and -0.42*, respectively). However, in infected conditions with the disease, the correlation of sugar yield with the wilting score and leaf aging was negative but respectively, was not significant (r= -0.20, P> 0.05) and significant (r= -0.52, P

Keywords

References

Biancardi, E., Lewellen, R.T., De Biaggi, M., Erichsen, A.W., Stevanato, P. 2002. The origin of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet. Euphytica, 127: 383-392.
Blum, A. 2005.Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56(11): 1159-1168.
Blum, A. 2009.Effective use of water (EUW) and not water- use efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress. Field Crop Research, 112 (3): 119-123.
Canova, A. 1966. Si studia la rizomania della bietola. Informatore Fitopatologico. 10: 235-239.
Cattivelli, L., Rizza, F., Badeck, F.W., Mazzucotelli, E., Mastrangelo, A.M., Francia, E., Marè, C., Tondelli, A., Stanca, A.M. 2008. Review: drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Research, 105: 1-14.
Choukan, R., Estakhr, A., Haddadi, H., Shiri, M.R., Anvari, K., Afarinesh, A., Darkhal, H., Ghasemi, S. 2013.Comparision of yield of foreign maize hybrids with local cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 29-1: 747-760. (in Persian. abstract in English).
Draycott, A.P. 2006. Sugar Beet. Blackwell Scientific Publishing CO. UK Ltd. Section 3.
Kajiyama, T., Yoshizawa, A., Yoshida, T., Yanagisawa, A., Yoshimura, Y., Ohtsuchi, K., Abe, H., Niura, T. 1999. Response of sugar beet varieties to rhizomania disease of sugar beet. I. The yield and quality of sugar beet. Proceedings of Japanese Society of Sugar Beet Technologists. 32: 53-58.
Kato, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Murakami, S., Sato, F. 2005.Post-translational regulation of CND41 protease activity in senescent tobacco leaves. Planta, 222: 643–651.
Kaya, R. 2009. Distribution of rhizomania disease in sugar beet growing Areas of Turkey. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4): 332-340.
Kohl, R.A., Cary, J.W. 1969. Sugar beet yields unaffected by afternoon wilting. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists,15: 417–421.
Lin, C.S., Binns, M.R. 1988. A superiority measure of cultivar performance for cultivar× location data. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 68: 193-198.
Luterbacher, M., Asher, M.J.C., Beyer, W., Mandolino, G., Scholten, O.E., Frese, L., Biancardi, E., Stevanato, P., Mechelke, W., Slyvchenko, O. 2005. Sources of resistance to diseases of sugar beet in related beta germplasm: Soil borne diseases. Euphytica,141: 49-63.
Matile, P. 1992. Chloroplast senescence.In NR Baker and H. Thomas (Eds.) Crop Photosynthesis: Special and Temporal Determinants. Elsevier, Amsterdam.413–440.
Mesbah, M., Orazizadeh, M.R., Rajabi, A., Aghaiezadeh, M. 2007. Introduction of first Rhizomania resistant sugar beet monogerm hybrid variety (Zarghan). Journal of Sugar beet, 23(1): 119-110. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mohammadian, R. 2015. Management of low irrigation in sugar beet cultivation. Journal of Moravej,152- 153: pp. 31-35. (in Persian)
Mohammadian, R., Ghami, A.R., Ashraf Mansori, G.R., Footihi, K., Jazairei- Noshabadi, M.R. 2017.Sugar beet hybrids response to rhizomania disease in the infected fields. Journal of Sugar Beet, 33(1): 17-31. (In Persian،with English Summary).
Mohammadian, R., Mahmoudi, S.B., Shabazi, H.A., Darabi, S., Pedram, A. 2016. Performance of sugar beet hybrids in different levels of rhizomania disease severity. Journal of Plant Production, 39(2): 27-42. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mohammadian, R., Sadeghian, S.Y., Moghadam vahed, M., Rahimian, H. 2002. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in determining sugar beet, genotypes under early season drought stress conditions. Journal of. Sugar Beet, 18(1): 29-49. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mohammadian, R., Sadeghzadeh hemayati S. 2016. Strategies to improve water productivity in sugar beet. Proceeding of 2nd International and 14th National Iranian Crop Science Congress. University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. August 30 - September 1.(In Persian with English Summary).
Nasseri, A., Abbasi, F., Akbari, M. 2017. Estimating agricultural water consumption by analyzing water balance. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 18: 17-23. .(In Persian with English Summary).
Ober, E.S., Clark, C.J.A., Le Bloa, M., Royal, A., Jaggard, K.W., Pidgeon, J.D. 2004. Assessing the genetic resources to improve drought tolerance in sugar beet: agronomic traits of diverse genotypes under droughted and irrigated conditions. Field Crop Research, 90:213–234
Ober, E.S., Le Bloa, M., Clark, C.J.A., Royal, A., Jaggard, K.W., Pidgeon, J.D. 2005. Evaluation of physiological traits as indirect selection criteria for drought tolerance in sugar beet. Field Crop Research, 91:231–249
Orazizadeh, M.R., Rajabi, A., Fatholah Taleghani, D., Ahmadi, M., Vahedi, S., Aghaeizadeh, M., Sadeghian- Motahar, S.Y., Chegeni, M.A., Yousefabadi, V., Sadeghzadeh-Hemayati, S., Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., Mohammadian, R., Mirzaee, M., Ebrahimi-Koulaie, H., Jalilian, A., Fathi, M., Khodadadi, S., Nouroozi, A., Rahnamaian, M. 2015. Paya, The First Sugar Beet monogerm variety tolerant to drought in Iran. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops, 4(1): 31- 42. (In Persian with English Summary).
Parvizi Almani, M., Abd-Mishani, C., Yazdi Samadi, B. 1997. Drought resistance in sugar beet genotypes. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (3): 15-25. (In Persian with English Summary).
Piepho, H.P. 2000.A mixture-model approach to mapping quantitative trait loci in barley on the basis of multiple environment data.Genetics, 156: 2043-2050.
Pourrahim, R., Afzali, H., Kakoeinejad, M. 2015. Survey of beet necrotic yellow vein virus- BNYVV in sugar beet fields in five main provinces of IRAN.Final Report.Iranian Research Institue for Plant Protection.p. 22. (In Persian with English Summary).
Putz, C., Merdinoglu, D., Lemaire, O., Stocky, G., Valentin, P., Wiedemann, S. 1990. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, causal agent of sugar beet rhizomania. Rev. Plant Pathology, 69:247-254
Radivojević, S., Kabić, D., Filipović, V., Jaćimović, G. 2008. Yield and technological quality of modern sugar beet varieties in the Republic of SERBIA. Food and Feed Research, 35(2): 53-58.
Rezaei, J., Banayan Aval, M., Nezame, A., Mahmode, B. 2014. Physiological behavior in response to sugar beet rhizomania virus. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 28(1): 138-146. (In Persian with English Summary).
Sadeghian, S.Y., Fazli, H., Mohammadian, R., Taleghani, D.F., Mesbah, M. 2000. Genetic variation for drought stress in sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 37: 55–77.
Suarez, M.B., Grondona, I., Garcia-Benavides, P., Monte, E. 1999.Garcia-Acha I. Characterization of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus from Spanish sugar beet. International Microbiology, 2 (2): 87-92.
Tamada, T. 1975. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus.CMI/AAB. Description of Plant Viruses. 144. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne, UK.
Tosic, M., Sutic, D., Milovanovic, M. 1985. Investigations of sugar-beet rhizomania in Yugoslavia.Proceedings of 48th International Institute of Sugar Beet Research Winter Congress.Feb. 13-14; Bruxelles.431-445.
Uchkunov, I., Raykov, S., Uchkunov, V., Tanova, K., Mehmed, A. 2016. Productivity and resistance of parental forms and hybrid of sugar beet which are tolerant to rhizomania disease. Int. Res. Studies. Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 1-5.
Vitousek, P.M., Howarth, R.V. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? Biogeochemistry, 13: 85–115.
Zelyazkov, D., Uchkunov, I. 2005.Testing of parental forms and hybrids of sugar beet Rhizomania tolerant. Scientific works of NCAS. 3: 339-342.
Applied Field Crops Research
Volume 31, Issue 4 - Serial Number 121
papers
January 2019
Pages 106-128

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics