Response of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a medicinal plant to planting date and micronutrient spraying in alley cropping

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

University of Zabol

Abstract

Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an annual or biennial medicinal plant and belongs to the Malvaceae family, that cultivated for its stem, fiber, edible calyces, leaves and seeds. Sepals of Roselle have medicinal properties and culinary uses (MohammadpourVeshvaei et al., 2015). Cultivation of medicinal plants using sustainable agricultural system provides the best conditions for the production of these plants and leading to maximum qualitative and quantitative yield (Matinkhah et al., 2003). The purpose of sowing date determination is to find the desired planting time as environmental factors at the time that is suitable for growing, seedling and plant’s survival and resume of growth and development and the plant does not meet unfavorable conditions. For adequate plant growth and production, micronutrients are needed in small quantities; however, their deficiencies cause a great disturbance in the physiological and metabolic processes in the plant. Micronutrients, especially Fe and Zn, act either as metal components of various enzymes or as functional, structural, or regulatory cofactors (Hemantaranjan, 1996). The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of sowing date and zinc and iron spraying on growth parameters and yield of roselle in Bam in alley cropping.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in 2015 in Bam under in alley cropping. The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Sowing date including April 9 and 30 and May 20 comprising the main-treatment and micronutrient spraying including placebo (sprayed with distilled water), iron sulfate and zinc sulfate at 0.5 percentage and combination of them as sub-treatments. Micronutrient spraying was carried out at two stages of two-leaf stage and 6 to 8-leaf stage. Sepals harvested at the end of growth season. Five plants were randomly sampled from each plot and plant height, number of lateral branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weights, fresh weight of shoot, sepal yield, content of anthocyanin and protein in sepals, content organic matter, ash, potassium and phosphorus in seed were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.2 statistical package. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level was used to compare the means of treatments.
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that planting date of April 9 and zinc spraying had the greatest significant impact on plant height. Interaction of planting date and zinc and iron micronutrient spraying was significant on number of lateral branch and boll per plant, boll weight, protein percentage and anthocyanin content in sepal, sepal yield, content of organic matter and ash and concentration of potassium in seed. The greatest number of lateral branch and sepal yield and protein percentage was observed in plants sowed in April 9 and sprayed with iron plus zinc and the greatest sepal anthocyanin content, potassium content, organic matter and ash content was observed at plants sowed in April 30 and sprayed with iron plus zinc.
Conclusion: Sowing date of April 9 due to longer growth season produced larger plants. Across micronutrient treatments, spraying of zinc by increasing the amount of growth regulators, helping metabolism of the material, and contributing to cell division of the meristem tissues increased bull number and sepal yield. The results suggested that to achieve maximum production of medicinal plant roselle planting date of April 19 to 30 along with iron plus zinc spraying would be suitable.

Keywords

References

Abu- Muriefah, S. S. 2013. Effect of chitosan on common bean (Phaseolus valgaris L.) Plants grown under water stress conditions. International Research Journal of Agriculture Science and Soil Science, 3 (6): 192- 199.
Alizade, A. 2001. Plant, Water and Soil Realationship, Razavi Qods Astan Press(In Persian).
Amuthavalli, P., Anba, D., and Sivasankara- Moorthy, S. 2012. Effect of calcium chloride on growth and Biochemical constituents of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salt stress. International Journal of Research in Botany, 2 (3): 9- 12.
Balwinder, K., Yadvinder, S., Ram, H., and Sarlach, R. S. 2013. Enhancing seed yield and quality of Egyption clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) with foliar application of bio- regulators. Field Crops Research, 146: 25- 30.
Benami, A., and Ofen, A. 1984. Irrigation Engineering: Sprinkler, Trickle, Surface Irrigation : Principles, Design and Agricultural Practices. Irrigation Engineering Scientific Publications, 257 Pages.
Chengbin, Xu., Xuemei. Li., and Lihong, Zh. 2013. The effect of calcium chloride on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of (Zojsia japonica L.) under drought conditions. PLOS ONE, 8 (7): 1- 10.
Cousson, A. 2009. Involvement of phospholipase C- independent calcium mediated abscisic acid signaling during Arabidopsis response to drought. Biologia plantarum, 53: 53- 62.
Dadnia, M. R. 2012. Effect of water deficit and selenium spraying on some of antioxidant enzymes activities on oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Crop Phsiology, Journal.Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz Unit, 4 (14): 71-81(In Persian).
Drought National Center of the Year Book (DNCYB). Meteorological organization of Iran. 2015. 15 pages (In Persian).
Ehdaei, B. 1995. Variation in water use efficiency and its components in wheat: Pot and field experiment. Crop Science, 35: 1617- 1626.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2015. The FAOSTAT Database. Available at Web site. http: // www. Faostat. Fao. org/ default. aspx.
Farouk, S. and Amira, M. S. A. Q. 2013. Osmotic adjustment and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.( in response to drought stress and chitosan. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3 (10): 1-6.
Gaballah, M. S and Abou- Leila, B. 2000. The response of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) plant grown under saline condition to gypsum application in addition to kaolin spray. Egyption Journal of Applied Science, 15 (1): 326- 331.
Germ, M., Kreft, I., Stibilj, V., and Urbane- Bercic, O. 2007. Combined effects of selenium and drought on photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration in potato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45 (2): 162- 167.
Gilliham, M., Dayod, M., Hocking, B. J., Xu, B., and Conn, S. J., et al. 2011. Calcium delivery and storage in plant leaves: exploring the link with water flow. Journal of Experimental Botany . 62 (7): 2233- 2250.
Glenn, D. M. and Puterka, G. J. 2005. Partide Films: A New Technology for Agriculture. Horticultural Reviews, 31:1- 44.
Gunes, A., Cicek, N., Inal, A., Alppaslan, M., Eraslan, F., Guneri E., and Guzelordu, T. 2006. Genotypic response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars to drought stress implemented at pre- and post- anthesis stages and its relations with nutrient uptake and efficiency. Plant and Soil and Environment, 52: 868- 876.
Habibi, G. 2013. Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 101 (1): 31- 39.
Hassan, N. M., El- Sayed, A. K. A., Ebeid, H. T., and. Alla, M. M. N. 2011. Molecular aspects in elevation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) tolerance to drought by boron and calcium foliar sprays. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 33: 593- 600.
Hasegawa, P., Bressan. R. A., Zhu, J. K., and Bohnert, H. J. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular reponses to high salinity. Ann. Rev. Physiology and Molecular. Biology of Plants, 51: 463- 499.
Jaleel, C. A., Manivannan P., Sankar B., Kishorekamar, A., Gopi, R., et al. 2007. Water deficit stress mitigation by calciam chloride in (Cartharanthus roseus L.): Effects on oxidative stress, proline metabalism and indole alkaloid accumulation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 60: 110- 116.
Jan- Mohammadi, M., Mostafavi, H., and Kazemi, H. 2014. Effect of chitosan application on the performance of lentil genotypes under rainfed conditions. Acta Technologica Agricalture, 4: 86- 90.
Kanouni, H. G., Ahmadi, M. K., Sabaghpour, S. H., Malhotra, R. S., and Ketata, H. 2003. Evaluation of spring sowed chickpea varieties for drought tolerance. International Chickpea Conference, Raipur, Chhattisgrah, India.
Kostopoulou, P., Barbayiannis, N., and Basile, N. 2010. Water relations of yellow sweetclover under the synergy of drought and selenium addition. Plant Soil, 330: 65- 71.
Kuznetsov, V. V., Kholodova, V. P., and Yagodin, B. A. 2003. Selenium requlates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady. Biological Science, 390: 266- 268.
Limpa- Navech, P., Chaijasuta, S., Vong- Promek, R., Pich- Yangkura, R., Khunwasi, C., Chadehanwa, S., et al. 2008. Effect of chitosan on floral production, gene expression and anatomical changes in the Dendrobium orchid. Scientia Horticulture, 116: 65- 72.
Liu, F., Jensen, C. R. and Andersen. M. N. 2004. Pod set related to photosynthetic rate and endogenous abscisic acid in soybean subjected to different water regimes and exogenous ABA and BA at early reproductive stages. Annual Botany, 94 (3): 405- 411.
Ma, R., Zhang, M, Li, B., Du, G., Wang, J., and Chan, J. 2005. The effects of exogenous Ca2+ on endogenous polyamine levels and drought resistant traits of spring wheat grown under arid conditions. Journal of Arid Environments, 63:177- 190.
Moftah, A. E., and AL- Humaid, A. R. 2005. Effects of anti- transpirants on water relations and photosythetic rate of cultivated tropical plant (Polianthes tuberose L.). Polish Journal of Ecology, 53 (2): 165- 175.
Mondal, M. M. A., Malek, M. A., Puteh, A. B., et al. 2012. Effect of foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield in okra. Australiam Journal of Crop. Science, 6 (5): 918- 921.
Naeemi, M., Akbari, G. H. A., Shirani- Rad, A. H., and Hassan- Loo, T. 2012. Effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relation traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvment, 14 (1): 67- 81( In Persian with English Summary).
Nawaz, F., Ahmad, R., Ashraf, M. Y., Waraich, E. A., and Khan, S. Z. 2015. Effect of selenium foliar spray on physiological and biochemical processes and chemical constituents of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113: 191- 200.
Neyestani E., and Azimzadeh, M. 2005. Evaluation of drought tolerance of fifteen lentil (Lens Culinaris L.) genotype. Journal of Agricultural Land and Drought, 12: 69- 77. (In Persian).
Nguyen, A. D., Vo- Thi, P. K., and Tran, T. D. 2011. Researeh on impact of chitosan oligomers on biophysical characteristics, growth, development and drought resistance of coffee. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84: 751- 755.
Ntanos, D. A., and. Koutroubas. S. D. 2002. Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for indiza and japonica rice mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 74: 93- 101.
Ortega, P., Jose, F. Grageda, G., and Morales, G. 2011. Effect of sowing dates, irrigation, Plant densities and genotypes on chickpea in sonora, Mexico. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 3: 24- 26.
Oweis, T., Hachum, A., and Pala, M. 2004. Water use efficiency of winter sown chickpea under supplemental irrigation in a Mediterraean evironment. Agricultural Water Management. 66: 163- 179.
Pazouki, A., Shirani- Rad, A. H., Habibi, D., Pak- Nejad, F., and Nasri, M. 2008. Study of drought stress and selenium spraying on seed yield and yield components of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in Shahr- E- Ray. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 4 (1):61- 73 (In Persian).
Rentel, M. C., and Knight, M. R. 2004. Oxidative stress induced calcium signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 135:1471- 1479.
Rinaudo, M. 2006. Chitin and chitosan: properties and application. Progress in Polymer Science, 32: 603- 632.
Sadegi- Lotf- Abadi, S., Kafi, M. A., and Khazaei, H. R. 2010. Effects of calcium, potassium and method of application on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) morphological and physiological traits in the presence of salinity. Journal of Water and Soil, 24 (2): 385-393 ( In Persian with English Summary).
Salam, M. A., Ahmed, S., Shahjahan, M., Islam, M. S., and Hossein, M. F. 2013. Response of chickpea varieties to different levels of irrigation in high barind tact. International Journd of Sustainable Agriculture and Technology: 2: 32- 39.
Saman, M., Sepehri, A., Ahmadvand, G., and Sabaghpour. S. H. 2006. Effect of irrigation on growth and yield of four cultivars chickpea in grain filling and podding stages. Journal of Agriculture Research, 7: 1- 15 (In Persian).
Saour, G. 2005. Efficiency of kaolin particle film and selected insecticides against pistachio psyllid Agonoscena targio nii (Homoptera: Psyllidae) infestation. Crop Protection, 24: 711- 717.
Segura- Monroy, S., Uribe- Vallejo, A., Ramirez- Godoy, A., and Restrepo- Diaz, H. 2015. Effect of kaolin application on growth, water use efficiency, and leaf epidermis characteristics of (Physalis peruviana L.) seedling under two irrigation regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17: 1585- 1596.
Sheikha S. A., and Al- Malki F. M. 2011. Growth and chlorophyll responses of bean plants to chitosan applications. European Journal of Scientific Research, 50 (1): 124- 134.
Vito, C, Bernardo, P., and Rossella, A. 2009. Kaolin based particle film technology affects tomato physiology yield and quality. Enviromental and Experimental Botany, 66: 279- 288.
Wahid, A., Gelani, S. Ashraf, M., and Foolad, M. R. 2007. Heat tolerance in plants: An Overview. Environmental and Experimetal Botany, 61: 199- 223.
Xue, T. L., Hartikainen, H., and Pironen. V. 2001. Antioxidative and growth promoting effects of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant Soil, 273: 55- 61.
Yigitarslan, U. 2010. Effect of kaolin application of yield, yield components and grain quality in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Master thesis. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Department of Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey, 38 pages.
Applied Field Crops Research
Volume 31, Issue 2 - Serial Number 119
papers
August 2018
Pages 92-118

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics