The effects of mycorrhizal fungi and nano zinc oxide on yield, dry matter accumulation, rate and duration of grain filling of wheat under soil salinity condition

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

شوری خاک یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای محدود کننده رشد و تولید گیاهان زراعی است. تنش شوری به عنوان تنشی شناخته می شود که تعداد زیادی از فعالیت های مرتبط با انباشتگی یون ها و اسمولیت هایی مانند پرولین را موجب می‌شود. راهبردهای زیادی به منظور کاهش اثرات سمی ایجاد شده بوسیله‌ی شوری بالا در گیاهان توسعه یافته‌اند. در میان آن‌ها استفاده از کودهای زیستی نقش مهمی را در بهبود عملکرد ایفا می کنند.به منظور مطالعه اثر مایکوریزا و نانو اکسید روی بر عملکرد، تجمع ماده خشک، سرعت و طول دوره پر شدن دانه گندم در شرایط شوری خاک، آزمایش فاکتوریلی با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی 1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل شوری خاک در سه سطح (عدم اعمال شوری، شوری40 و80 میلی‌مولار با استفاده از نمک NaCl)، کاربرد مایکوریزا در دو سطح (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد میکوریزا از نوع Glomus mosseae) و محلول‌پاشی با نانو اکسید روی در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، مصرف 4/0 و 8/0 گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن ریشه، حداکثر وزن دانه، سرعت و طول دوره پر شدن دانه، دوره موثر پر شدن دانه، عملکرد تک ‌بوته، سرعت رشد محصول و توده زنده کل به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر میکوریز، سطوح شوری و نانواکسید روی قرار گرفتند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد (45/0 گرم در بوته)، سرعت پر شدن دانه (0022/0 گرم در روز)، طول دوره پر شدن (28 روز)، دوره موثر پر شدن دانه (55/28 روز) و حداکثر وزن دانه (0606/0 گرم) به ترکیب تیماری‌ کاربرد میکوریز، محلول‌پاشی 8/0 گرم در لیتر نانو اکسید روی و عدم اعمال شوری به‌دست آمد. اعمال شوری80 میلی‌مولار، عملکرد دانه را 21 درصد کاهش داد و محلول‌پاشی بالاترین سطح نانو اکسید روی و کاربرد مایکوریزا 66 درصد از این کاهش عملکرد را جبران کرد. از این رو می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود که به منظور افزایش عملکرد، طول دوره و دوره موثر پر شدن دانه و برخی دیگر از شاخص های رشدی مانند سرعت رشد محصول و توده زنده کل در شرایط شوری، کاربرد میکوریز و محلول پاشی با نانواکسید روی به کار برده شود.

In order to study the effects of Mycorrhiza and nano zinc oxide on yield, dry matter accumulation, rate and duration of grain filling of wheat under soil salinity condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2015. Experimental factors were soil salinity at three levels (without salinity as control, salinity of 40 and 80 Mm) as NaCl and Mycorrhiza application in two levels [without application, application of mycorhizal (Glomus mosseae)] and foliar application of nano zinc oxide in three levels (without nano zinc oxide, application of 0.4 and 0.8 g lit-1). The results showed that number of grain per spike, root dry weight, maximum of grain weight, rate and grain filling period, effective grain filling period, grain yield per plant and total biomass were significantly affected by Mycorrhiza application, salinity and nano zinc oxide levels. Means comparison showed that maximum of yield (0.45 g. per plant), grain filling rate (0.0022 g.day-1) grain filling duration (28 days), effective grain filling period (28.55 days) and maximum of grain weight (0.0606 g) were obtained at treatment compound of application of Mycorrhiza, foliar application of 0.8 g.lit-1 nano zinc oxide and non-salinity. Salinity 80 mM decreased 21% from grain yield and foliar application of the highest nano zinc oxide level and application of Mycorrhiza compensated 66% from yield reduction. Thus, it is suggested that in order to increase of yield, grain filling period, effective grain filling period and some growth indices such as total biomass in salinity condition, be applied application of mycorhizal with nano zinc oxide.

Keywords


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